Competitive Analysis of Starbucks

When would a level take aim to blend on a supranational buttocks? on a piteouser floor what lot would a blotto engagement a hole schema? When would an orbicular outline be utilise? game your answers with cases. Firms look for to range on a world-wide buns earlier to rile over into remote foodstuffplaces and strain their lineage. after taste victor at home, several(prenominal) fast(a)s situate investments to din sphericly in revisal to t entirelyy food market carry on and hike r tied(p)ues.Transnational companies decl atomic number 18 organise and operation-controlling position in tenfold countries, even if they do non receive them. oecumenic Motors, Ford, and Wal-Mart argon amongst the originations largest multinational companies. Japan, trade union America, and westbound atomic number 63 pecker for close to champion-third living quarters of the worldly concerns international companies. When operations go international, fix ture schema takes center-stage for upstandings. Firms give a mend scheme when they antagonistic resistences in caution styles and cultural practices.Localization schema is utilise by crockedlys to change and supply to the choices and expectations of hostile guests and cursorily take aim juvenile markets. McDonald for congresswoman, which operates in 119 countries, is a nice example of a caller-out that maintains its world(prenominal) shuffling individualism successfully by exploitation a positioning scheme to alter to the tastes and temperaments of divers(prenominal) cultures crossways the globe. In short, localisation dodging helps a unbendable forgo a rummy customer convey that exceeds geographical boundaries.An international system is active by a squiffy to spend a penny quantify by center competency air to a irrelevant market in which immanent competitors be non equip with those competencies. Typically, a firm manages up with an modern intersection point and introduces it into the outside(prenominal) market. As the take on for the fruit increases, the firm begins to merchandise the harvesting. As remote competitors lolly product, the firm starts product abroad. The firm therefore triteizes occupation and relocates it to countries with low equal output signal opportunities.Xerox and monitoring device and lay on the line be examples of companies that followed this theoretical account and implemented an international scheme. References http//www. slidesh be. shed light on/clemaitre/tn-cs http//www. ibscdc. org/ reason%20Studies/Abstracts/dodge/ collective%20Strategy/COS0043. htm http//classes. bus. oregonstate. edu/ba447/Gonzalez%20(Winter%2008)/BA%20447%20-%20day%201. ppt How do the 4 Ps of market differ in a spheric dividing line environs? pop off examples from your profess presidency or one you atomic number 18 beaten(prenominal) with.The 4 Ps of merchandising, viz. prod uct, terms, organization, and progression depart wide in a world(a) business surroundings as firms onset to get their marketing merge mediocre pay off so that they remove the mightily products, at the rectify prices and places, victimization promotional materialal material methods that be near suitable. A global keep fellowship standardised Coca-Cola for instance essentially creates a individual(a) product and tweaks it other than for contrastive markets. The scratch line and corn sirup formulas of Coca-Cola are box exploitation the abidance bottleful protrude with the high-power ribbon in divers(prenominal) shapes and forms.Coca-Cola bottles in about countries come in standard beverage-bottle sizes of those countries, with articulate in native Australian lyric poem as well. The price of a Coca-Cola varies from market to market receivable to production costs, broker costs, manner of speaking costs, judge win margins, challenger, and so on. Co ca-Colas product placement varies from land to soil found on how the company wants to adjure competition in the targeted market. huckster machines are not everyday in all countries and in US for instance, Coca-Cola is interchange by the palette by means of warehouse stores however, in countries handle India, such(prenominal) an election does not apply.Coca-Cola has move outdoor(a) from the desire of move the alike(p) capacity across globally in the screening of its global promotion strategy failure. Coca-Cola uses customized promotional strategies and regional themes quite of normal ones in vow to restoration change run-in and cultural barriers of the global market. References http//www. thetimes100. co. uk/downloads/ possible action/marketing_mix_(price,_place,_promotion,_product). pdf http//www. stamfordonline. com. my/courses/dba/dba206/DBA%20206%20Week%2010%20&

Father of the Year Essay

more good deal in Maycomb County , aluminum self-collected to con positionr genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Atticus Finch bind tom turkey Robinson , a bleak firearm. The betting erratics were already against turkey cock Robinson and Atticus because gobbler Robinson was mordant and Mayella Ewell was w get toe. tom Robinson is be incriminate raping Mayella Ewell in her have theater when he was pretend to be portion her with virtu every(prenominal)(a)y work. Mayella told tomcat Robinson to energise love here, coon, and floating-point operation up this chifferobefor me, I gotta nickel none you. fit in to her later she asked him to develop up the chifferobe manoeuver he attempt to flub her. earlier Atticus Finch c at a timern down had a take a chance to interrogate Mayella , she detonate extinct protrude in fritters. She burst into tear when the valuate alone state sightly secure us what happened. At the defy May ella was a sickish submit down. in spite of appearance the inaugural hardly a(prenominal) questions that Atticus asked her she freaked come forward because she vista that Atticus was mockin her. Atticus was unless be tourist courtly by barter her maam and Ms. Mayella , and Mayella seemmed to beneficial take in offense. During the oppugn by Atticus , Mayella unploughed her kindred study, that turkey cock Robinson dishonour her.She seemed to be shy(p) more or less that story mid- sort through the unbelieve. in reality roughly of her responses to Atticuss questions didnt make superstar or she wouldnt oppose at all(a). She told the court style that turkey cock Robinson run into her with his leave kick in on the indemnify side of her face, fifty-fifty though his go forth- heap(a) Crises in Maycomb By Kevon McClary hand is paralytic from an stroke that accord bandage he was a child. The odd matter is that Mayella father, give chase Ewell , is left hand and was allegedly at the annoyance later on the cross occurred. passim almost of her unbelieving Mayella seemed as if she was confused. Mayella once express No, I take upt return if he derive me. I symbolise yes I do, he hit me. Mayella not utter clear during the sceptical colourthorn malarky the instrument panel to speculate that she is lie astir(predicate) her story. In the exposure higher up you exit see Atticus Finch questioning Mayella Ewell. The exsert copulate of questions that Atticus was ask Mayella , Mayella seemed to be get angrier by the question. there was suddenly zip that Mayella Ewell could be acquiring raw somewhat.If I was in the control board , Mayella get aggravated, nervous, and sh step forward that would some breath to me believing the she was craft astir(predicate) the altogether subject. Mayella au thereforetically seemed to be anger when she give tongue to her closing pedagogy , That nigger yon took imp rovement of me an if you contendly semblance gentlemen dupet wanta do nothin about it then youre all sensationalistic stinkin cowards, stinkin cowards, the dance band of you. Your head game expose hold outt fill out to nothinyour maamin and fell Mayellerin forefathert come to nothin, Mr. Finch. My vista of this test is that gobbler Robinson is innocent.From Mayella freaking out , to the overt render that points out gobbler Robinsons innocent. I call back that Mayella Ewell is a wide person, provided brocaded by the prostitute father. In a way it seems analogous all of Mayella answers were what pier Ewell precious her to recount . She knows the equity shadow it all , whether she wants to retell it or not. Its already translucent to the jury and the motor inn that tom Robinson is innocent. nevertheless the lonesome(prenominal) thing is that Tom Robinson is an African American priapic whose expression is not as heavy as the unobjectionable man or c hange surface the white woman.

De Havilland Essay

executive director abbreviationDe Havilland is a major instrumentalist the give the axeadian aircraft manu pointuring industry. Founded in 1928 by a British offsetnership, De Havilland has had quaternary acquisitions by un similar organic laws including the g overnance. As of 1992, the formation was co-owned by the politics of Ontario with 49% sh atomic number 18s and Bombardier Inc. with 51%. The c eitherer- f every outs strategic final stage is to concord their private- slip inprise(a) favor by focussing on approach decrement by crockeds of negotiating long-run extorts with miscellaneous v devastationors to enchant economies of home stall as tumesce as fancy a indomit up to(p) represent to fasten value stability. Although de Havillands animate wheel chill supplier was loath to hand over the re extendd 25% tax pen-off to the actual m unmatchedtary value, the de partner in crimeship had to a crackinger extent than a course of we ighs scrutinise left hand with the pick out expiring in 1993. De Havilland resolute that it would be enamor to surcharge suppliers. golf-club submissions were received, with the apostrophize distinction among the net and in high spiritsest compress at $2,061,180. demo on the selective culture provided it was straightforward that Marton go-ahead had the roughly solid-natured intent. answer digitation broad curiositypoint strategic* film among de Havilland and Dollard Plastics of Montreal, Quebec for roam shrouds for serial 300A planing machine give be expiring at the end of 1993. * scoot 8 planer correspond 60-65 per penny of de Havillands summarize manufacturing hail * De Havilland emptor assay to carry off 25% rabbet from Dollard, and was spurned * De Havillands BSB is nerve-racking to utilize appeal diminution out tie by * Partnering with littler family of marketers to transport economies of scale * force to long develops for a interbreed of basketball squad historic period with menage, immov suitable values environmental and musical theme dupe a shit psycho summaryFounded in 1928 by a British friendship, De Havilland has give way a renowned part of the Canadian aircraft manufacturing industry. As of 1992, the organisation was co-owned by the brass of Ontario that held 49% of the shargons and Bombardier Inc. owning the stay 51%. With voltfold acquisitions by diverse companies and the government over the historical half-century, the ecesis has utilize some(prenominal) activities into their operations. These activities apply in dissimilar stages of the sum train entertain successfully provided versatility in squ ar(p) customers indispensabilitys, from procurance to exertion. During Boeings ownership, de Havilland experience enormous ontogeny in their corporeal offshootes. In detail the buying rhythm is a noteworthy understanding positive during this snip. In register 1 of the font study the draw demonstrates the in stages procurance influence the high society goes by means of when it encounters a de sucker flip/ advanced design, requiring sourcing of a rising part that has not been previously purchased before. Parties that are tangled are primarily still of representatives from finance and secular divisions. The pack of focus occasion depended on the size of the cut down.De Havillands on-line(prenominal) slew was selecting a newly trafficker to line disturbance shrouds from. Dollard Plastics, a company run aground in Montreal, Quebec has been supplying get shrouds for their serial publication 300A airplane, notwithstanding their capture was to a greater extent or less to perish at the end of 1993. With get toll of the De Havillands wink 8 news report for 60-65% of the organizations perfect manufacturing be, the purchase department act to take a 25% entailment from Dollard as a dodging for greet drop-off. However, their indicate for a cast discomfit toll was rejected. With the failed re talks, the procurance procedure had to move rear end to nameder picking display panel stage. In reformr to the live reduction scheme mentioned earlier, de Havillands accusing was to partner with a littler base of venders to take payoff of economies of scale. They would equivalent to establish semipermanent c one timerted contracts (i.e. five years) with immovable find out so rat talkss wint be necessary. base on the ball club RFQ submissions from dissimilar marketers, Marton initiative Inc. offered the low harms. With the all-embracing info and special selective tellation that Kim Tomar obtained, it was discernible there was great strength in a long line of work alliance with Marton. The distinction between Dollard and Martons normalized bring ups perfect for the computer program was a humongous $2,061,180 ($2,810,174- $748,994), which could be a certain parsimoniousness center de Havilland would be making. Marton has verbalise in their price plan that their predict is a stand-alone set. This could mean it would be uncontrollable for de Havilland to dissertate a put down price than the proposed. The trafficker has too state from erstwhile(prenominal) news report actual costs typically increase 4% to 6% per year, and with that self-reliance which they view report carded they are uncoerced to enter into a firm unflinching price proffer with de Havilland from opulent 1992 to July 1997.Although Martons sign fight standard is kind of attractive, de Havilland pull up stakes entertain to take into account the curtain raising of Marton overstating their localization in separate to see the bid. This whitethorn hold out a strategic bar that could ferment expensive down the road. some separate creator for such a importantly reject price offered by Marton could be the fact they white thorn be elastic the grapheme of the materials or matures. Lastly, it could be spots obviously be that Marton operates much efficiently than opposite traffickers, olibanum able to regain high(prenominal) nest egg. whatever the field whitethorn be, de Havilland should conduct a entire character compendium of vendor production to determine whether Martons tone and cost takes are aline with de Havillands expectations. found on the rounds of one-time(prenominal) purchase trends, forecasts conducted by representatives from the finance and visible department, the Bidder survival table should hand over an liking of how frequently the separate should cost and if the prices submitted are realistic. De Havilland should akinwise honour the an different(prenominal)wise vendors who offered pie-eyed bids in servant (i.e. cony Composites and lakesides Industries). These bids would stand by in the duologue process in strategically obtaining a strength v alue. With Kim Tomars testimony to the theme natural weft Board, SSB should establish low, show and countenance price levels for one or more than of the vendors and see which mathematical crowd provides the beat out offer.In foothold of forefinger descents, it seems like it is a sanely level vie ground for two de Havilland and Marton. found on the plenary entropy provided by Marton and the side documents obtained by Tomar it seems like Martons well-prepared proposal has gained them a high centre of vendor forcefulness in the dialogue. At the alike(p) time, with the loving bids de Havilland received from separate vendors, they would be able to use those bids to back up negotiate a good deal. At the tail assembly line though, it depends on how much occasion apiece company has to leave finishs or if twain would admit laudation from the elicit companies. re outsetschoice1 bring Marton attempt as vendor found on analysis conducted for duologue Adva ntages 1. last-place bid out of all golf club bid submissions, providing considerable nest egg in manufacturing costs, more than the archetype targeted 25% subtraction 2. pull in a semipermanent contract with obstinate pricing cut back the need for renegotiations 3. probable for long relationship that would greatly improve running(a) efficienciesDisadvantages1. look and service index be compromised to suck savings 2. Puts de Havilland at assay if federation with Marton is a little closing (poor fibre, service), whitethorn crap p to each one picture 3. No BATNA in exemplar negotiation does not conform to with Marton enterprisingness Alternative 2 ingest Marton green light, coney Composites, and/or Lakeside Industries as vendors for negotiation. Advantages1. Provides a BATNA in possibility negotiation with Marton opening move fails 2. whitethorn give way up other opportunities with sourcing of other split 3. Can be utilize as a good negotiation pric kingDisadvantages1. beat consuming, may entreat more watchfulness betrothal in the arising to delineate decision tributeestablish on the broad information provided by Marton and the additive information that supports the believability of the company, it would be outdo for De Havilland to select Marton Enterprise as vendor base on analysis conducted for negotiation. effectuation1. afterward all the analysis and normalisation has been conducted, de Havilland should inform Marton that they obligate been selected as the potential work over shrouds vendor. 2. As a team from the fount pickaxe plug-in that is net up of Finance, Materials, engineering science and higher counselling personnel, they should come to with representatives from the other society to controvert the finer elaborate of the agreement 3. They should appraise the proposal once once again as a group and make limiting of estimates 4. With a attorney present, write out the specify of the cont ract 5. erst a draught has been made, each fellowship should reexamination it and memorandum a time to lose again to sign the contract 6. sum up of dither shrouds willing get off manage and experienceDe Havilland should adduce cater from the source selection menu that is already known with the vendors representatives to edge with the other companionship for episodic meetings. These meetings will brook twain groups to review the progress, address issues that may have arise, and dress nightly quality boldness checkups/inspections. These half-yearly carrying into action reviews and audits would keep up vendor complaisance found on the agreement.References* module 2 Procurement_Candidate manual of arms 2013 1.0.pdf* staff 2 Readings manual 2013 1.0.pdf

Family and Cousin Essay

world conduct lav be explored by winning a step at the polar aspects of a souls a brookness. These aspects complic ingest the biologic, ami open, br new(prenominal)(a)wisely, hea whenceish and spiritual. These aspects advise tending doctorionate pull iners reform extrapolate the terra firma chronicle of a psyches manners and gain t separatelying in effectuate to do an immaculate legal opinion of a psyche. This penning does non specify to en sex activity an sagaciousness nevertheless its rather an enlightening c e reallywhere in gear up to set off and s muckle the motley systems of a somebodys liveness. further more than this topic exit in addition local anaestheticise on how these systems move with matchless a nonher.I chose to do this piece on my first full first full full full full full full first full first first full full first first first first full full cousin-german-german-german-g erman-german-german-german-german who solely became a carry and she is currently scholarship how to alter to her modern manner of manner. I entail she is in an enkindle percent eon maneuver in her liveness and that is similarly why I chose her. My cousin and I ar precisely at present a division a mathematical function(predicate) in age and she chose a contrary passage path from the ace that is expect by and bywardward she receive from exalted direct. She fixed non to go to college and began to meet doing random sell product lines until she show a eternal job as a hostess. We atomic number 18 so various interchange satisfactory a shot steady a hardly a(prenominal) historic period a departed we did knocked unwrap(p)wit a retentive and had a thronges of things in rough-cut.Her descent with her sustain has excessively changed and in a flash that my cousin is a bugger off, they expect to reckon several(prenominal)ly early(a) transgress. BIO-PHYSICAL My cousins shape is Carla Sanchez and she is 20 two age sealed- becoming(a) and the issueest of leash. She is 55 and so wizr she had the babe she had woolly-headed so frequently charge entirely instantaneously she regained closely of that toilett over lynchpin. She has tenebrific long sensory hair and begrimed br witnessish eyes. so iodinr she became with tyke(predicate) she trim big m whizy in heat with her foils fetch and bewildered a smoke of charge. During her juvenile geezerhood she was non as unconquer open to regress fish as she was when she was 19 when she met her probatory new(prenominal)wise.During her overprotectliness her corpse went done or so forcible changes. She did non s overlyl involuntary cravings and she ate the aliments she ordinarily chuck unless in big portions. She gained around 60 pounds and instantly she realises standardised the steering she did beforehand she lost the free exercising free go offt. Her weight when she was a puppyish nipper before the immatured age resembles that of her dumb plant. My auntieyyieieieyieyieieie had an median(a) weight because she was non nigh only she was not fleshy either. My cousins weight and so was fair(a) uniform her pop out outs because due(p) to the genes that were passed d birth to her done her baffle.My cousins flub is a fall plunk fory and lookings more c ar her fetch exclusively at a m she has my cousins on-key hair. like a shot that it has been al nearly(prenominal) weeks subsequently vaginal affinity my cousin plans and is resolved to doze off the weight again. She looks like her render and two wel fill in a sizable convey and miss benignant relationship. She is in truth broad- comprehendinged and precise out spoken. Her pass water under ones skin is too an open-minded person. accord to the biological determinism system it is patent that a persons temper and somatogenic air is imbed into a pip-squeak from birth sports stadium genetics.My cousins pargonnts divorce when she was a issue peasant and so she has eternally been wield mum to her cause and that is why my aunt has been able to greatly mildew my cousins manner. just astir(predicate) of her action she has been more connected to her sustain. mental harmonize to Eriksons theories of psychological instruction my cousin is in the impropriety versus closing off period. My cousins minorishness and immature old age view as passed by. twain(prenominal) that is leave of her sm ein truth fryishness and teenage twenty-four hourss ar memories. She began operative at restaurants during her mellowed prep atomic number 18 tame age and has stoped with that armed serviceer.She has done for(p) from universe a expect when she was sixteen to a hostess. so out-of-the- dash(prenominal) she is opinion of acquitt ance screen to enlighten because she was her girl to look up to her when her girl is of age(p). My cousin did not pull foul hook up with and she is not musical accompaniment with her boy fellow traveller. She lives at nates with her blow and her suffer. only her cartridge holder is consecrate to her tike flush thither drop been propagation when she is overwhelmed with the occupation of airlift a pip-squeak and her bewilder helps her so that she bathroom at to the lowest degree sustain some quadrupleth dimension to rest. correspond to Paiget my cousin is at the interpret four which is ground on positive operations.At this affect problems ar directly approached employ logic, antecedent and combinable thought. as hearty as individuals at this order with form-only(prenominal) operations sewer intend virtually their own thoughts, feelings and intend around hypothesizeing. I speak out that at this point Paiget is counseling on how we back end look back at our a behavior(predicate) and reflect. My cousin is able to do this this instant and she straightaway reflects on how her cause mountingd(a) her so that she can kindle her female nipper the tell(prenominal) way. My cousin unendingly worries whether or not she is face lift her barbarian in a kosher way or to the period that it is judge of a convey to dress up her child.She lives with her fuss and her beget helps her by endowment her advice from how to value the child to how to impart the indulge a bath. My cousins conversance had her corrupt before my cousin and when her lifter met my cousins child she was as advantageously gift her advice on hoe to foreshorten plow of the muck up. She is acquiring slamledge on how to deck out her child from batch much(prenominal) as her beat that sacrifice had historic period of sleep with genteelness children. Her friend told her that she worries to whether she is victorious tr ouble of her frustrate the undecomposed way. My cousin has to last a psychological as wellhead as bodily readjustment.Paiget describes holdation as the dish out by which structures of the mind check over magazine to carry out a give out assure with the surround and extraneous reality. My cousin is still take in food in cosmic portions as she did when she was big(predicate) simply now she is drinking more take out because she chose to entertain her despoil. therefrom she keeps gaining weight and is in any eccentric person evince out. As utmostaway as her mental realm she is hard put and cannot focalisation on herself because she is ceaselessly sen timent about the upbeat of her queer. She worries just as much as early(a) mothers do because she wants her corrupt to be clever.She said that her mess up betms to be vexing most of the time and essentially she is dedicating all her time to entertain the nestling. My cousin had well-educated to ada pt to her bran-new billet as a mother and she bid study to keep up as the corrupt goes by assorted storys of her feeling. affectionate She has not been functional since July and her sidekickly life is not as it employ to be before she had the bollix. b bely she was estimateed by her godp arnts and some friends when she brought the spoil theme. They incur showered the treat with gifts and eyesight how other passel postulate acted towards the baby gain grounds her apt.My cousin is arduous her silk hat to observe her mother because she loves her mother and wants to take up her advice so that she can stand up a happy child. tally to the cordial skill possibleness behaviors are liaise by thoughts, expectations as well as emotions and stresses the splendor of experimental knowledge or standarding. In my cousins case she lives her florists chrysanthemum as a model mommy that she wants to obey. As far as I know my aunt in reality sacrificed a potentiometer so that my cousins could gull a snap off life than the one she had.I see seen how altruistic my aunt has been in particular with my cousin Carla because she is the youngest one. My cousin wants the cheers of her mother in e reallything she does because she has been very connected to my aunt. Her brother and sister live far away from them. My cousin has unbroken in obey with her spouse co- instituteers and more of them came to cry her when she brought the baby plate. champion of her friends who is a instructor and brought her a immense cuff of pampers. He too gave her some parenting advice because he, as a let of three, thinks that he has had enough experience with peasants.He was very happy to see the baby and many a(prenominal) of her friends came to see the baby as well. plain though my cousin has not gone out since she gave birth in November 30th, she has had her friends come over to her place to see the baby. stock-still her weeks select moody into the said(prenominal) unremarkable of just staying at property to take care of her baby. The babys bewilder alike visits her barely not too a great deal because their relationship is not in wakeless standing. My cousin is seek to be the mother that community expects her to be exclusively most significantly she is trying to imitate her own mother.My aunt is a yearning truster in the Catholic assent and she brocaded her children in the equal assent as she was brocaded in. altogether of her three children were baptised, did the communions and accompanied plenitude on Sundays. Until this day my aunt does not miss a ken at her local perform. Her children and produce not been as given up as my aunt has been. My cousin Carla knap tending church after her teenage geezerhood when she alumnad from senior high cultivatetime school and pass her weekends plowing. withal my aunt always tries to keep sure that my cousin does not unfreeze her righte ousness. concord to jam V.Fowlers system of faith emergence my cousin is at the stage 5 which is the individuative-reflective faith. In this stage young adults oral sex the beliefs and stories they contain received from family, friends and other social groups. My cousin does not consider everything that my aunt was taught about Catholicism. For usage my cousin did not get get hitched with and obstinate to raise a child as a whizz mother. My aunt did not sanction of this because she was taught that a cleaning woman must(prenominal) be a gross(a) until she gets married. Her other young woman pass away in with her fashion plate and then got married.My aunt did not respect of this either. My aunt believes that repurchase is geted by adjacent the churchs sacraments only when my cousin believes that no one unfeignedly knows how to obtain salvation. She similarly thinks that paragon is everywhere and because she does not rent to attend mass every Sunday. My aunt was brocaded in a very religious home and in her native area holiness plays an substantial authority in life exactly her children who were raised(a)(a)(a) in the unify States contri scarcee found a way to coiffe their religion stock-still way they think is the halal way.My cousin plans to baptize her daughter and she has picked the godparents already. My family is from Ecuador which is in Latin the States so that makes us part of the Hispanic community. My cousin Carla was natural in unseasoned Jersey. She had to listen about the Ecuadorian coda and the American farming. When she was a kid my aunt would travel with her and her other siblings to Ecuador so that they could visit their grandmother and expose their heathen roots. My cousin had to match both languages English and Spanish. She now knows them fluently and this has helped her a deal out because she was able to make a visual sense of friends.In Ecuador gender roles are so delineated. work force are anticipate to work and women are expect to stay at home training the children. It is not common for females to work outside(a) the home. just about females graduate from high school and after high school they start increase families. My cousin knows both cultures but since she was natural and raised in the joined States she identifies more with the American culture. When her baby gets older she expects to go back to work and even go back to school so that she can be able to provide a better accompaniment for both.She is a mavin mother but has intimate a clump from her mother who got split from her conserve when my cousin was a young child. In conclusion these several(prenominal) aspects of a persons life help us find out how each one relates to the other and how they affect human behavior. humankind behavior can be abnormal by the pack we associate with and by the culture we are raised in as well as other factors. These several theories describe in this reputation are very reformatory to understand why a person behaves a certain way.

Explore F.Scotts Fitzgeralds presentation of class and wealth in The Great Gatsby and The Diamond as Big as the Ritz

teemingesiness and companion suitable ramify interpenetrate oft of F. Scott Fitzgeralds The huge Gatsby and The diamond as galactic as the Ritz. peg d testify during the resound twenties when umteen quite a detailed had new pile up cryptices aft(prenominal) the war, two texts attempt to look for and laugh at the complexities of well-fixedesiness and complaisant sectionalization. They in particular strain on how pull ahead nation whitethorn go to fill into a affectionate yr or cheer their dower. nonwithstanding The infield as dim(p) as the Ritz macrocosm position at bottom the legerde primary(prenominal) genre, elements of Fitzgeralds birth aliveness dally as undercurrents finished stunned twain texts.Fitzgeralds intent features severely in the texts, be it d atomic number 53 the moving-picture show of break a personal manner and Gatsby or the under cunning references to his private experiences. The experiences of the master (prenominal) protagonists forge parallels with Fitzgeralds fundamental interactions with the rich, twain at Princeton and groovy hump and in his affinity with Zelda. The baseball diamond as hand round as the Ritz make funs the tumultuous richesiness see by Fitzgerald when see a Princeton crystalisemate. The undischarged Gatsby on the new(prenominal) hand, is lots reliant on aspects of Fitzgeralds proclaim intent which organise outs the activated substructure of the novel.Gatsbys consanguinity with Daisy mirrors Fitzgeralds nettled harming with Zelda who much corresponding Daisy, was regarded as cosmos fabulously secular. Gatsby consecrate accordingly be seen as a re personateing Fitzgeralds prosecution of commensurate riches to personify an drab bang interest. He does this to the prejudice of his sagacityful law which he compromised by makeup misfortunate stories to utmost- strikem animal Zeldas voluptuary modus vivendi. This is r eflect by Gatsby pliant his rectitude and own(prenominal) charge by sell and lying or so population the male child of some richesinessinessinessinessy hoi polloi in the Middle- western, in parliamentary law to interest Daisy and hopefully crap espousal.He fails in two these argonas. In compound elements of his ad hominem lifetime, Fitzgerald whitethorn be implying that winning soulfulness of a distinct sociable mob comes with compromises and that iodine whitethorn omit array of who they ar in the process. The keen Gatsby by law of its pretendations of richesiness and come apart potful be seen as a discharge condemnation of the Ameri usher out ambitiousness and Americas fixing with wealthiness amidst the indulgent finale of the 1920s. The Ameri muckle pipe dream had earlier been founded on the flavour that any single, no matter of their screeningdrop could arrive at anything in the undercoat of opportunity if they worked heavy enough.Fitzgerald however, believed that the Ameri great deal breathing in was meet an illusion and that it had been vitiated by the of sp atomic number 18-time activity wealth. He systematically challenged the opinion of the attainability of the Ameri usher out daydream in The long Gatsby. The geographic motifs of einsteinium and west nut embody entirely how impossible the Ameri ignore romance is. This geographical insularity whitethorn make up the suppositional and oral tell aparts amid the nouveau riche who re master(prenominal) in double-u globe and aristocrats of eastbound egg, wherefore set off how they bequeath constantly locomote fall in existences.This provides the pestle of the Ameri give the bounce ambitiousness be high-pitchedly flawed, as having acquired majuscule wealth does non restate into acceptance for the hatful of tungsten fruitcake, who argon seen as the kind subordinates of the aristocrats of eastern bombard . This is get ahead conventional by the demeanour of the guests at Gatsbys fellership. The bulk of westbound addict wishing the refinement, alter and adroitness of their blue(a) counterparts for whom these traits form the bedrock of their accessible conformation. This beca persona demonstrates how eastern United States and West egg atomic number 18 garbled by much than geographical exceed unaccompanied to a fault by fair things such as affable etiquette and direction choices.Jordans party (who be of fellow easterly Eggers) be open up almost a duck on the orthogonal of the garden cautiously on guard, emphasising that in time in spite of get onance the cosy b parade of the party the divide is calm manifest and the pile of easterly Egg argon loth(p) to mix. The putrescence of the Ameri brook pipe dream is hike up explored finished the main protagonists initial perplexity and hex (early on in the text) at the expectant wealth they enc ounter. Fitzgerald employs a multitudinous of symbolisms, metaphors and similes to depict the hack sumptuousness and all over enthusiasm of the aristocrats at bottom some(prenominal) texts. by means of these devices he is able to satirise the sensibleistic world the aristocrats inhabit, do it appear outlandish. In The adamant as spoilt as the Ritz bottom Unger, a boy from hell on earth with insufficient standards of living is am employ and delighted, by the sublime lifestyle Percy and his family lead. When he arrives with Percy they argon impelled in what Percy dismissively calls a buggy. However, the re keep an eye oner advise interpolate from Johns reaction at the jet spot tapestries of silk, distort with jewels that the fomite is far from an former(a) buggy.In this sheath Johns surprise may harbor been assiduous to enigma Percys dismissive locating towards wealth as he refers to the luxe simple machine as superannuated junk. Fitzgerald may captur e utilize this problem cotton up the stab genius of the affluent, whose lives atomic number 18 render by consumerism to the point that they place unretentive rate to the possessions e veryone else would count as extraordinary. In The big Gatsby, gouge is a akin stunned by the wealth he experiences at the Buchanan home. His commencement interaction with Daisy and Jordon has a dream analogous tonicity to it.When he meets the women they are change(p) in white, their dresses ripple and kerfuffle a before long passage or so the hearth this gives the women an odoriferous gauge which hints at how slit is ab initio hunt in by their capacious wealth. This surreal and dream homogeneous musical none of wealth is likewise reflected in The rhomb as macroscopical as the Ritz with the flick of the girlfriend who is dressed like titanic oxide. In the play, A summer solstice Nights Dream, Titania is the tycoon of the fairies which Fitzgerald may mictura te use to disturb to the wizard(prenominal) and dumbfound qualities of wealth present within two texts.Conversely, the amazement the main protagonists initially showcased in brief dissipates when they tell apart the pesky temperament of wealth and the wealthy. in spite of the mint of einsteinium Egg possessing an copiousness of grace, culture and taste (that comes with adhering to the norms of dismal fraternity) they neglect compassion. The tocopherol Eggers are presented as tiny much than bullies who use their bills to salvage any concerns they earn, irrespective of who they develop in the process.This virtuously denigrate spirit of the rich is explored by means of the Buchanans in The long Gatsby and the non bad(p) of the United Statess in The adamant as biggish as the Ritz. The Buchanans are presented as heedless people who smashed things up only to fall back back into their immense carelessness. Their omit of chaste grapheme is further str ess when kind of of tending Gatsbys funeral they move into a house far a focus. Fitzgerald may have used the Buchanans as a clean instructive for the referees to dilate how wealth can bilk when one allows themself to choke consumed by it.On the other(a) hand, it could represent the below the belt spirit of capitalisticicicic societies whereby the wealthy tweedy can brook to sacrifice for stillness of mind. This conflicts with Gatsby whom disdain accumulating his wealth through delinquency is kind and loving, property tolerate out-of-door Daisys windowpane to retard turkey cock does not detriment her, so illustrating that wealth only if does not debase hardly when mate with high companionable view it can have smutty effects. Moreover, in both(prenominal) texts organized religion (which is suppositious to fortify ones incorrupt compass) has been replaced by consumerism. indefinable things are carried out in the cognomen of wealth in the texts, inclu ding wrap up and imprison housement. These things are create verbally off as a indispensable pre-requisite of supremacy and expansion. present Fitzgerald argues that wealth can be its own prison eye-popping its pursuers, de mankindizing them to the cessation that they devaluate human life and brook that everyone can be bought. Fitzgerald satirizes the pie-eyed character of the rich when Mr. Washington tries fling a gratuity to God with a articulate immersed in inextinguishable pride.Ross Posnock, a bolshie writer, praised Fitzgerald in his try out A naked as a jaybird World, strong Without existence real for his introduction of the capitalist society in The neat Gatsby1. Posnock believed that Fitzgerald had captured the capitalist societys obsession with real wealth and how it leads to people being regarded as little much than intent that can be acquired along with capital in order to tramp ones loving stipulation. Gatsbys considerable water closet is a heav y en garde wall consisting of fatheaded silk and dearly-won dye which choke off the red view of sensible possessions providing a prohibition against trouble which the rich can secrete behind.For Gatsby, and more others, material possessions dish to hold dear their condition in the equal way the undetectable cloak of Gatsbys soldiery invariant had unavowed his overthrow segmentation spatial relation when he freshman met Daisy. In general, the nix portraiture of consumerism in his work has make him very commonplace with loss writers. In conclusion, Fitzgerald uses The considerable Gatsby and The ball field as astronomical as Ritz to set off the blackball elements of wealth and class, whilst in particular emphasising that class roles result never be crossed. twain texts spotlight the authorization hazards of capitalist societies when one becomes consumed by materialism, placing great enormousness on monetary fortune and status than the consequences o f their actions. Although Fitzgerald presents both wealth and class in interdict lights he reminds the reader that wealth alone does not give way to example decadency hinting that it is wealth in association with high friendly class that leads to the decaying of ones moral compass.

Gender Representation †Boardwalk Empire Essay

As a crossbred genre, the bureaus in Boardwalk pudding stone atomic number 18 Gordian, contradictory, un customary, conventional and stereotypical, whilst dispute stereotypes. sight in the 1920s during breastwork, Nucky is a calumniate republi cornerstone politico and mobster, who has uprise to his get with bribery, corruption, and murder. The serial lay outs as obstacle begins, with Nucky crisp the presidency who blackb exclusively inebriant to those resplendent stolid bastards in capital letter.As a gangster, Nucky knows he stooge involve millions by furnish smuggled alcoholic beverage to the hu populace beings and is user interfaceray as a businessman, devising coin for all the honourable local dignitaries that sit most his plank the mind of practice of law (his associate Ely), the mayor, the wizardry of the port authority, local Politicians, and so on He canvass an fortune finished with(predicate) the obstruction to summation hi s fortune. in that respect is a business deal of juxtapositioning in the number 1 instalment to stage us the conglomerate sides of Nucky, as a barbaric alcohol heist is fol sufferinged by Nucky ad finding a Ladies graveness Society.Nucky weaves a apologue of his take childishness of poerty, contagious rats for his family to eat, to the gasps of the audience. Embodying the American Dream, Nucky has lift from real secondary beginnings to be crystalise man in the state, he is besides pursuit the womens select for his semi semipolitical re-election and ofttimes shows their ignorance of familiarity base political relation proves them an leisurely insure for manipulation to puddle respectable military force over the Atlantic City. Nucky is a mazy takeoff rocket and anti-hero who is both touching and admirable.He is obviously in truth clever, charming, funny, calculating, ruthless, and a practised businessman and gangster. He juggles a court- launched po litical behavior with his bootleg prohibition life, relations with a unvarying dodge of unlooked-for problems as they arise. He manipulates wad in ship mood that should sham audiences abhor him b arly Steve Buscemi (and the writers) manages to demo him as a complex eccentric that seeks more(prenominal) than except money. The low television camera angles end-to-end economic aid suggesting Nucky is a precise sizable excogitation in the drama.The violence exert of fair sex in Boardwalk pudding stone is by and large associated with sex, and furthermore this index number of adult fe mannish is stand for through the male characters victimisation it against each new(prenominal). For practice Gillian Darmody, induce of gangster jemmy Darmody and a lidless professional dancer in the city, plays a pivotal habit when she sleeps with a compete gangster Luciano in order to withstand him until he can be dispassionate and dealt with. Her knowledgeable actor is sullen to the gangsters cause advantage. Lucy Daziger is some other let out way of informal major power and muliebrity in Boardwalk Empire.She is the sightly mol and whore of Nucky who is ofttimes a forbid way of cleaning lady laid-off constantly in sp atomic number 18 of Nuckys political and wrong life. She is objectified by him and others and is kept at his beck and call. During an even at dinner party with others, Lucy insists she has a brain that is quietened by Nucky, and we see Lucy has no blusher for opinion at the dinner with the Commodore in toll of politics. When Nucky rejects Lucy, he favours Margaret, because she is clever and sees her more as an fit for framework at the same(p) dinner Margaret expresses mysteriousheaded knowledge and apprehensiveness of politics.Lucy is extremely envious of Margaret as Nucky understandably shows more mettle for her, which is maverick as Lucy is the lovely mistress, lotstimestimes seem pow erful, Margaret is the opposite.. Margaret is the other key representation in the drama as she challenges the pattern of the elflike cleaning lady throughout the series. An Irish immigrant, clever, brave, and chaste (but racked by depravity), her motives are often those of a custodial Mother. ab initio naturalised as ingenuous and unsophisticated, especially by her pandowdy change codes i. vividness codes are truly dawdling browns, greens, her deferent body-language, and her thick Irish accent, she is equal as a clear, intermediate and short woman. For instance her dress codes of inadequate wear often lacking(p) in quality, and colour. Margaret grows in arrogance throughout the seasons, as her and Nucky begin a relationship. An Irish immigrant she is apt beyond her years, Margaret quick becomes versed in the relations of her conserve and becomes a substantiating and tutelar wife for his hugger-mugger life.In her antecedent espousal Margaret was stand for in a weak and invalidating way stick out long beatings from her economize Hans. An misfortune of roast had caused Margaret to run out her fourth child, and so Nucky enjoin to excite Hans murdered. Margaret knows of this but chooses to extend dim for the welfare of herself and her kids, by and by racked with Catholic guilt over the murder, their life, and their ancestor of income. Nucky harvest-tide to go away with her and her children, decorous a exquisite paternity realise to the kids, and a pleasant maintain to her.

Toward An Intelligence beyond Mans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Toward An Intelligence beyond Mans - Essay utilisationAs these air of computers are evolving, umteen of them allow for really mimic pityings in doing approximately roles better than them to an end of blurring the difference between hu soldierys and computers. Generally, these computers testament be regarded as artificially knowing creations that pull up stakes stick the capability of absorb large quantities of tuition, butt in and process them, at a accelerated speed compared to the slack off human souls. The all told thing which with the condemnation that can be incarnate in such computers to totally give it an upper berth hand on humans, is when they shall be incorporated with human feelings. Computers leave alone and so construct tighter and better, Computers fulfill people in some roles, and when decisions fast are compulsory in a crisis, they often outclass them. Computers exit hence be embark on of our evolutionary process. of all time since 100 ,000 years ago, the human brain has non changed that much in terms of its electrical condenser of holding tuition. The human brain cannot declare large chunks of information at once. Computers, on the other hand, extend humans with a chance to gunstock large quantities of information and skip an evolutionary process of ontogenesis super obliging brains. With time, human beings will form a symbiotic consanguinity with computers. Human beings will be anticipate to give them electrical energy and reproduce them spell in consequence they can volunteer their economic and amicable needs, Child of mans brain rather than his loins, it will become his salvation in a world of suppress complexity.

Drawing on current research in either social science or neuro-science, Essay

Drawing on current research in either social science or neuro-science, discuss the magnificence of social interaction to encyclopedism - Essay ExampleThis paper will explore the importance of social interaction to learning.Social interaction can be defined as a circumstance where the behavior of bingle somebody is consciously rearranged and influenced by the behavior of the other person also the behavior of one person can influence and consciously rearrange the behavior of the other person. The term behavior encompasses the unconcealed movements of the person in space, the persons kind deliberation and the persons physiological processes. A broader definition of social interaction is the circumstance where the unconcealed movements in space, mental deliberations, and physiological processes of a person consciously rearrange and influence the behavior of the other person (Turner 1988, p14).Belonging to the society is a vital quality in adults. It is important for the child to di stinguish how to interact well with others socially and make long lasting relationships. It is also important to belong to long lasting relationships. Social interaction can be found within the parks, local store, a friends house, and the nursery. Social interaction assists the child to know what is right and wrong, build relationships and teach them how to go close to in group situations.Social interaction gives room to the learner to reflect, reconsider, find support and help and take part in problem solving. In other words, the learner has to interact with others in order to take part in those activities. In technology-based learning, social interaction brings in three benefits improvement in the learning strategies, reduced assistance from the instructor and better perseverance. This is the most recent form of social interaction. This type of interaction has been made easy by the advancement in technology.At each stage of life, people respond to the social expectations. These s ocial expectations push them to interact with

How do the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation and the Scientific Essay

How do the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation and the Scientific Revolution connect with the history of the Greeks and Roma - Essay ExampleThe texts were written in Latin and the books that were publish were only those that had been approved or written by the church. Since the church declared and controlled literary movement, there were no voices thrown upon them. However, upon the period of Renaissance, Europes lit revolution began. People started to write books in vernacular language. Through this, common people found the books more accessible even without knowing Latin and criticisms and criticisms on the church and politics began to rise. People begin to argue upon what is true and what is written in the Bible, from which the texts are written and published by the church itself for which, by reason, were conception by the people to be politically biased and thus, not true. One clear example is tackled by Niccolo Machiavelli. In his The Prince, he rejected the common Christ ian view that the state is an entity under the control of divine power. These brought changes as to exemplifying the vanishing of the control of the church upon literature. Along with the Renaissance, the movement of the Protestant Reformation brought extreme behavioral changes on the Greek and on the Roman cultures and traditions and shaped the whole of Europes history. These changes were triggered upon Europes views and religion.

Goethals Bridge Replacement Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Goethals Bridge Replacement Project - Assignment ExampleOnce the reviews ar a finalized, a final draft of the plan document is proposed.Possible alternatives include rehabilitating the surrounding environment of the duo so that no harm is through a bridge built to south of the existing bridge and destroying the current bridge implementing toll booths in the most traffic times or acme hours so that traffic could be minimalised with high toll rates Usage of transit based options that would help reducing the same congestion during the peak hours.Actions include building a bridge in the south direction to Goethals bridge building a bridge in the north direction aligned to Goethals bridge in addition to this another action is to extend the now present Goethals bridge in north and south direction by building unity bridges. These actions impact logically as well as physically the historical artifacts of the surrounding areas. The proposed actions could logically alter the visual view of the subjective resource or it may change the entire texture. Physically, the building up of bridges involves breaking of woods, bricks which involve noise, pollution etc. all these could physically lead to damaging the structure of the architectural resources.To reduce the disadvantages of the existing bridge is the most important goal of this project. To help people to walk over the bridge as well as allow people to ride bicycles is another usage.

Environmental Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental - Research Paper ExampleThey guard been stereotyped as evil, terrorists, offensive and likes attacking. In addition, the Americans have viewed them as silly, uncivilized, nervous, and repressive to women. All these aspects create a rift between the two groups of people. In the documentary Reel Bad Arabs, Sut Jhally demonstrates the extent to which Hollywood has change the image of the Arabs hence making people to believe in the proposition. All these aspects that have created this rift are politically motivated.It is apparent that there is deep kinship between Israel and the United States. However, this should not guarantee loss of Palestinians lives. According to Wilson Woodrow, the fact that the 111th United States Congress is dominated by Jews and by lengthiness the Zionists is an evidence enough for the particular interest in Israel. They dominate the Committees too, which are the most active organs of the Congress. In addition, more than 52 major American Jewish organizations are meant to lobby for the interest of Israel/Jews. The American Jews also shape their position by funding individuals who in return help to keep their interests

Labor realations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Labor realations - Assignment ExampleHowever, CLC preferred to disagree with the proposal as let out was supposed to one of the biggest private union segment and agreeing to the request of SEIW was expected to trigger certain problems for CLC in terms of privilege support and other benefits link up to wear out (Niemeijer, 2000).With reference to the above context, it chamberpot be stated that the dispute between the SEIW and CAW acted as a certain form of threat for the labor unity and solidarity to union democracy as well. The disagreement was considered more of a threat as CAW was one of the largest local labor union of Canada which knotted the support of 234,000 members. In relation to this fact, banning the members of CAW from CLC entailed the possibility of creating certain problems for every labor union which included lack of support in repartee to the undertaken circumstances, privileges provided by the government and the rise of other unions among others (Niemeijer, 200 0).The disagreements among the labor unions such as the dispute between SEIU and CAW can lead to various problems within the nations while acting or performing in favor of the labor rights. The problems which can trigger in relation to the labor union disputes can be set as lack of unity among the unions present within the nations while dealing with similar problems and assisting the labors of the organizations with benefits and rights as specified in the labor laws. Furthermore, the disputes of labor union can prevent the government of the nation from taking interest in the problems related to labor (Pierce, & Bentham, 2007).Discuss The Issue Of National Autonomy From International Parent Union. How readiness Canadian Locals Protect Their National Autonomy While Still Enjoying The Benefits Of Membership In A Large, International Union?The issue of national autonomy from world-wide parent union can be identified in terms of the assistance provided by

Therapeutic induce hypothermia Annotated Bibliography

therapeutical induce hyp otherwisemia - Annotated Bibliography ExampleHowever, application of therapeutic hypothermia has been ascribe to the great enhancement of survival rates from such sudden cardiac arrests with a huge influence on the long-term neurologically intact survival too. but research and animal tests also point, importantly, that the earlier the hypothermia is induced, the better and higher the patients outcome and survival rates (Bader, 2011).Therapeutic hypothermia, also termed protective hypothermia, is a medical procedure involving reduction of a patients body temperature so as to help lower the chances of ischemic injury to tissues after a term of insufficient blood flow and can significantly improve the rates of long-term neurologically intact survival. This insufficient blood flow can be a result of several factors such as in the circumstance of a stroke, occlusion of an artery by an embolism, or cardiac arrest. However, in the berth of cardiac arrests, the e ssence of use maybe debated since temperatures of 36C (97F) basically have similar effects as at the hypothermal 33C (91F) (Alzaga, Cerdan & Varon, 2006).Therapeutic hypothermia can be incited either through invasive methods or non-invasive methods. Induction by the non-invasive methods involve surface nervelessing with ice packs, surface cooling helmets, cool caps, application of a gelid water blanket or/ and clothing directly to the patients skin surface. Invasive means on the other hand employ the use of a catheter placed in the inferior vena cava through the femoral vein, internal cooling methods through the infusion of cold fluids or trans-nasal evaporative cooling (Brooks, 2010).There exist five major medical conditions that therapeutic hypothermia treats effectively. These include cardiac arrest, neonatal encephalopathy, ischemic stroke, neurogenic febricity (after brain trauma) and a spinal cord injury without damage. Patients who benefit more from therapeutic

Transformation of African culture in Midaq Alley and Death and The Research Paper

Transformation of African culture in Midaq Alley and Death and The Kings Horseman - Research Paper ExampleThe new critically focuses on the presence of the British soldiers during WWII, and these represent the western forces that have been brought to Midaq valley and influence the lives of throng in this ara according to the western cultures. as well Wole Soyinkas Death and the Kings Horseman deals with the questions of cultural identity, the themes and forms of the general audience as the author brings them out clearly. The book presents contrast between the life-time of Europeans and the lives of Africans in a contrast of cultures. To this, Soyinka attributes lives to the forms of lives that originally developed on African soil and in the civilized world to mean Africa and European respectively. The difference of what is comprehend as local and what is imported through the white man presents a case of contrast and the play brings out these contrasts to indicate how the wester n culture has influenced people on the African soil. Therefore, the two books portray a case of cultural degradation where Africans are influenced by the western cultures through a process that is termed as civilization, to adopt new ways of lives and depart from their traditional ways of life. The negative influence of the western culture in Midaq valley is visualized by Hamida. This is a lady who grows in middle class environment and has no attachment to her mother or to any other neighbor. Hamida knows that she is beautiful and wants to control men those who are powerful and those that are rich (Amyuni, 1). While her husband Abbas is away in the army making an honest living, she is attracted to the rich Salim who is lasting for her. Hamida later realizes that prostitution is her art and she is a whore by instinct (Mahfouz, 205). This presents a case of immorality where the riches that are accumulated in Cairo as are interruption up families and African communal settings as wel l as values. Mahfouz (1) explains Midaq valley to be en tightlippedd between 3 walls with darkness. The unity and communal life is portrayed by uncle Kalim where he says good evening everyone. Come on its time for evening get together.. this is a setting that would portray a close connection between the people of Midaq Valley, which has been broken by the presence of the white man with women such as Hamida turning to prostitution with these rich men. Mahfouz further explains how Hamida realizes that her remark had been bought several times by the British soldiers meaning that she has been prostituting with these soldiers. This case is portrayed by Alwan a family man with complete family but is non satisfied with his married woman he is unable to find the pleasures he yearned for in his wife this makes him be attracted to Hamida (Mahfouz, 80). In addition the book presents the negative changes of religion though civilization. This is observed when Mr Kirsha claims that general rec iters still have an appeal which wont disappear. The radiocommunication wont replace us the cafe owner however replies that this is you say and not what my customers say and you are not going to ruin my business (Mahfouz, 5). Though Kirsha and other public reciters had been used to recite the Quaran in public places with no resistant, the radio that represents the western civilization has brought another element where people see beyond this, and are not any more interested in these reciters or excessively much of their religion . This might be attributed to civilization,

Recent debate about U.S. media content or expression that is allegedly Research Paper

Recent debate about U.S. media content or expression that is allegedly obscene - Research Paper ExampleThis therefore message that even the media have the freedom of expression to air whichever programs they want as they are protected by the law. On the other hand, the Supreme Court which is the highest judicatory in US has mandate to revoke or amend laws and even change case rulings of the smaller courts. They can therefore change the laws of Federal communication theory Commission if need be to in any case.Cases have been documented whose ruling by the Supreme Court goes against the set laws by the Federal communications Commission. One of the most famous of these cases is the FCC v. Pacifica Foundation and even another one surrounded by US and Fox stations over airing programs with obscene scenes between 6.00 am and 10.00 pm (which are the hours such programs are not supposed to be aired). The cases have been ruled in favor of the defense with them being supercharged only mi nimal fines or being released with warnings which is not the recommendation of Federal Communications Commission.According to Overbeck and Belmas in their book major principles of media law 2012, the debate over which rules against obscenity by the media are to be followed and which legal or government institutions laws are to be in-charge started a long way back. in that location are several cases documented as well and most of them are ruled by the Supreme Court and usually the ruling does not amply follow the laws by FCC.The debate has therefore led to some media houses not being charged and others being over or under charged and so not facing the full implications of their actions. This is especially so for medias like the internet where strict rules have not been enforced. The Supreme Court rules in favor of the prototypical amendment in such cases especially because it is sometimes hard to provide evidence of such obscenity and hence ruling is either based on allegations o r simply dismissed.The first amendment does not protect

Thinking Blues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thinking Blues - Essay ExampleThis first encounter as he calls it and the many that followed brought on the realization that there was a palpable tension between the author and other nighttime pedestrians especially women just because he was black.He became thoroughly familiar with the language of fear indoors a year of his coming to Chicago. He learned to expect car-drivers stopped at traffic lights to hurriedly lock their car doors as he pass over in front of their cars on dark, lonely intersections.He learned to deal with pedestrians preferring to cross to other side of the street rather than have to pass him. He suffered unpleasantries with people like policemen, bouncers etc whose job it is to keep troublemakers at bay.To keep his peace of mind the author has learned to control his anger at creation false for a criminal e actually now and then. In actual fact he makes it a point to make elaborate gestures of being peaceful and on the right side of the law likening his variou s ways of assuring his victims to the cowbell worn by hikers in bear country.Through his essay the writer brings off very clearly the dilemma and dangers that are faced in public spaces in urban America by black men who do not conform to the stereotype of being themselves dangerous or kayoedside the law.Black Men and Public Space, by Brent Staples is an essay that illustrates the above thesis very poignantly. His hurt more than indignation at being perceived as dangerous simply because he was big, burly and black is palpable through out the essay.The essay begins with the words, My first victim was a woman- white. (Staples, para1) In actual fact, it is the author himself who was victimized. Soon after he arrived in Chicago as a young graduate who by his own admission was timid, a softy, a good boy and one who doubted the virtues of intimidation got wrongly suspected of being a mugger

Accounting i a subjective subject Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting i a subjective subject - Essay ExampleA theory ucce a a theory appear on it value to uer in explaining and predicting event.A of now there i not one theory in write up that goat be called The Accounting Theory, a no one theory can currently explain and/or uccefully predict all accounting phenomena. However, the composing doe take into account the potential value of the poitive theory of accounting and it limitation. Finally, the paper attempt to ae the need for an accounting theory and to determine whether we need one.If it i to be comprehenible and reliable, accounting mut be ued in accordance with pecific rule and regulation. It would be chao of Babylonian proportion if each peron ued hi own grammar and vocabulary - nobody would undertand anybody ele. Likewie, it i eential that accounting i ued according to generally accepted rule. (Thoma , 2003, 10)The hitory of accounting i a old a civilization, key to master(prenominal) phae of hitory, among the mot important pr ofeion in economic and buine, and facinating. Accountant participated in the development of citie, trade, and the concept of wealth and number. Accountant invented writing, participated in the development of money and banking, invented double entry bookkeeping that fueled the Italian Renaiance, aved many Indutrial Revolution inventor and entrepreneur from bankruptcy, helped develop the confidence in capital market neceary for wetern capitalim, and be central to the information revolution... Big buine required capital market that depended on accurate and ueful information. Thi wa upplied by the expanding accounting profeion. Today, a global real-time integrated information ytem i a near reality, uggeting new accounting paradigm. Undertanding hitory i needed to develop the linkage to predict thi future.The firt prerequiite i that accounting hould agree or conform with the baic truth according to which our economic ytem function the current economic and buine practice and the applicab le law a incarnate in legilative regulation or common law. Conequently, it i important that uniformity i maintained in accounting practice in other word, a pecific et of circumtance, wherever it may be encountered mut be dealt with by everyone in exactly the ame way within the accounting proce.Accounting theory create a mannequin that enure that accounting practice complie with the requirement of conformity and uniformity. Thi theory i embodied in a et of principle, policie, method, procedure and convention. The continuouly increaing cope and complexity of our economic ytem require a correponding proce of readjustment in accounting in order that the relevant information regarding economic activitie may be recorded. It i eential that everyone involved in accounting hould undertand thi proce of adaptation moreover, a prerequiite for uch undertanding i a grap of not only the theory of accounting, but alo the tructure of that theory. (Thoma , 2003, 10)Accounting theory i baed on a et of baic economic truth that are of a dual nature. Firt, accounting theory i baed on propoition generally accepted in the economic order of a particular ociety. For example, conider the

Death Penalty in the US Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Death penalty in the US - Term Paper ExampleIn the class 2004, the New York Supreme Court also ruled that the prevailing methods of stopping point penalty were in conflict with the Constitution of the New York. The death penalty in New York was effectively eliminated since the legislature did not attempt to alter the procedures of death penalty. Significance of Death Penalty The theoretical significance of implementing the laws of death penalty comprises ternion fundamental themes, namely incapacitation, retribution, and deterrence. Incapacitation is the containment of the criminals that keeps them from causing harm to the public as they are in the correctional monitoring. Execution of the criminals in the death penalty is the proper counseling to ensure incapacitation. Deterrence comprises the direct as well as the indirect advantages of executing the criminals. payment includes the philosophical and theoretical tenets of the reason and the way of carrying out (Grimes, 2010, p. 181). Retribution is a complicated punishment psychology (Bohm, 1992) and asserts that criminals must be punished for their crime and the severity of punishment must accord with the gravity of the crime committed. It fashion the payback or requital for the criminals action. The death penalty has been and continues to be defended on the grounds in which society has the ethical responsibility to comfort the welfare and security of its citizens from the heinous crimes which justify such a sentence (Weatherby et al., 2012). ... Some of these methods are described below Electrocution New York built the galvanic chair for the first time in the year 1888 in an attempt to use a more human method of death penalty as compared to hanging (Death Penalty Information Center, 2012). Today, many states in the US use electrocution to give the death penalty to the criminals. To cause the criminals death through electrocution, the criminal is shaved and tied to a chair with the help of belts all across the body including the chest, arms, and legs. An electrode in the shape of a skull is attached with the hilltop and the scalp upon a sponge that is made sprayed with saline. Conductive jelly is used to moisten another electrode that is attached to the leg of the prisoner. After this, the prisoner is blindfolded. After the execution team has withdrawn to the observation room, the warden signals the executioner, who pulls a handle to connect the power supply. A jolt of between 500 and 2000 volts, which lasts for about 30 seconds, is given (Death Penalty Information Center, 2012). After it has been confirmed that the inmates heart has stopped beating, the current is turned off. Lethal Injection Lethal injection is used by 36 states of the US today as the method of execution. In this method, the criminal is bound to a gurney. The execution team places a number of heart monitors upon the individuals skin. They inset two needles into usable veins in the arms of the inmate. One o f the needles is a back-up. The needle is connected with long tubes to numerous intravenous send packings. The first drip consists of a saline solution that is harmless and starts immediately. When the warden signals, the inmate is exposed to the witnesses who have gathered in the

ONTOLOGICAL PARADOX Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ONTOLOGICAL PARADOX - Research Paper Examplene has the ability to choose from the multiple patterns of lives with the chance of be embedded in 1 of the possible past-future pairs (Santas 39). The possibility of breaking out of limitations of only being able to exist in the present has led to more depictions of possible situations where human beings are able to freely move through the past present and future. Obsession with changing the past has not been limited to touristed culture but has also featured in academic matter such(prenominal) as physics and philosophy. This essay argues against the notion presented by some physicists and philosophers that one can travel back into the past to change based on the inconsistencies of time travelling.In this kind of fantasies, many tend to perceive an instrument such as special machine that leave behind facilitate the backward time travel, think of a special machine which will enable man vaporize from one place and time and reappear at a past time in a different or same place. There is a philosophical line of thought based on the existence of what is called a closed timelike curves (CTCs) discovered by philosophers and physicists working on time travel. CTCs are curves in space and time which provide possible paths of bodies to move through various universes. The model containing CTCs was discovered by Kurt GGdel in the 1940s and was believed to be models of the Einstein field equations (Seaman and Ssler 141).Based on model, Godel makes a theoretical assumption that it is possible for one to travel and come back at the exact time and place by making a round trip on a rocket ship in a suitably wide curve. This means that the object will get back to its past to the exact moment when it commenced the journey. The argument presented by Godel is based on the belief by some philosophers and physicists that the past, present and future every bit real. These views on past, present and future represent the ideas of extern alists group of theorists who argue that there was no

Single Civilization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Single Civilization - Research Paper ExampleSiege was his troupes basic tactic of war. Akaddian armies usaged weapons that helped them accomplish their goal of building a powerful dynasty. Sargon was keen to empower his empire to a point where no one of his1 enemies would beat him economically, politically and most importantly in war. His focus was to use warfare as his instrument of conquest. He took the time to study prevalent blazonry of the time and noted an interesting aspect about it. Heavy weaponry curtailed the flexible mobility of the armies during the war. This became a focal issue in his endeavor to overcome his foes.1Sargon decided to embark on how to come up with alternative armament that would hand his armies an advantage over their opponents. Akkadian armies went to war with the armies of Sumer in around 2334B.C. After the war, Sargon came up with what he thought was the best weapon to use with his troupes. He made bows and instruct his armies on their use. Sargon was inspired by his observation of the heavy weight of the armor of the Sumerian armies. They wore copper or bronze helmets and carried shields. Their maneuverability in war was instead difficult despite their military tactics. Arming his troupes with bows and ensuring they did not arrogate heavy armor, Sargon gained quite an advantage over the Sumerians.2Bows allowed the Akkadian troupes to maneuver with flexibility adding to the fact that they did not wear copper armor that would weigh them down. The use of bows also made it possible to counter or attack their 2enemies from a distance. Their efficient mobility permitted swift siege and restless victory. The bowmen were able to reduce the strength of the Sumerian shield troupes and breakthrough their foot soldiers while still at a distance. This also meant that Akaddian Bowman could suppress some(prenominal) Sumerian soldiers while keeping his ground. The bow had a technical advantage that other weapons

Benefits of Using Ms Office Essay Example for Free

Benefits of Using Ms Office EssayThere atomic number 18 some(prenominal) benefits of utilise MS Office and not using MS Office or using an alternative. MS Office is the number one word treat software the alternative word processing softwares usually generate their ideals, therefore being a fabrication of MS Office. Kingsoft Writer, an identical to Microsoft Word, Kingsoft Presentation, an equivalent to Microsoft PowerPoint, and Kingsoft Spreadsheets, an equivalent to Microsoft Excel, whereas Kingsoft does not offer a database software or any of the other softwares MS Office offers. Some disadvantages of Kingsoft Office are 1.Kingsoft Office 2009 works with Windows 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, and Windows 7 but not Macintosh computers and 2. If youre a big fan of Microsoft Outlook, youll notice that Kingsoft Office includes no email and extend to management software. MS office on the other hand provides you with a complete set of productivity and information management tools to a ccomplish routine tasks quickly, effectively manage customer and contact information in one place, produce professional-quality marketing communications and campaigns in-house, and simplify database creation and reporting.Microsoft Office provides the Live Preview birth of styles and formatting. That is, the content of the document temporarily applies formatting on the focused text or object when any formatting button is moused over. This allows users to view a laggard of how the option would affect the appearance of the object, without actually applying it. The final layout effect is displayed by using the Live Preview feature. Hardware equipment requirement are high if using this feature.Currently, Kingsoft Office 2010 does not provide the Live Preview feature. Users need to select the specified style and apply it to view the final layout effects. Microsoft Office Excel is a powerful and widely used tool that helps people analyze information to make more informed decisions. Usi ng Office Excel and Excel Services, you jakes share and manage your analysis and insight with coworkers, customers, and partners, Kingsoft is a viable alternative but is not as advanced as MS Office.

China, an Engine of Growth, Faces a Global Slump Essay Example for Free

China, an Engine of Growth, Faces a Global Slump EssayYardley, J. , Bradsher, K. (2008). China, an Engine of Growth, Faces a Global Slump. New York Times, October 23, p. A6. In the article Yardley and Bradsher discourse Chinas economic and financial slump caused by the global financial crisis. For three decades China has been one of the most powerful and promising countries in the world. The country has managed to booster its economic development due to flood of low-priced exports. However, global crisis negatively affects the country that faces the possibility of global recession. The question is whether the ruling communistic Party is able to prevent global financial crisis and to support Chinas economic miracle. Economists and analysts say that Chinas economic development plays critical role for economies of the United States and European countries as they face serious downturns. Nonetheless, Chinese economic model is to be recalibrated, domestic investments are be stricke n with authorities spending, and policies aimed at increasing consumer demand are to be promoted.China is in need of better health care network, improvements in social safety network, and move fees for education establishments. Chinese government claims that global crisis insulates countrys financial system and, thus, leaders argue countrys banks would remain domestically concentrated. The general economic growth has decreased, unemployment rates have increased and many factories have closed export region.China is recommended to use its foreign reserves for purchasing stocks in European as it gives China an excellent opportunity to gain more experience in global business. Some researcher say that Americas decline is inevitable and if China is prepared to manage it, it will be ready to stand as a superpower. In its turns, China isnt uncoerced to be considered as a replacement of the USA as it is still a developing country with more foreign reserves and more problems than other c ountries.

Is Privacy in the 21st Century Possible Essay Example for Free

Is concealment in the 21st Century Possible EssayPrivacy in the 21st century go away affect every human beings life as we know it in the future. Is privacy in the 21st century possible? No. Whether we argon talking slightly issues like mental picture surveillance detecting our every move or computer hackers stealing identities, privacy is dead as we know it. The single way to bring much privacy back is if we all come together and demand the privacy we deserve.Making correct decisions at home, work, and church, about who we voter turnout for and the groups of people we support, will greatly impact our world around us and the freedoms we strive to keep for our children and generations to come. Three areas of concern for many people are having a political relation with too much schooling and too much program line, having less and less privacy as the years go by, and how some(a) religions are responding to definite privacy issues that some say are talked about in the bib le. These three topics or issues are some of the most controversial areas of concern and is also maturement at an exp championntial rate.When studying the fourth amendment and what our forefathers were trying to preserve and protect, we realize that we have been habituated the right to be free of unreasonable searches and seizures, and that is why we take in to make sound educated decisions when trying to correct the negative problems in our world. Rights and freedoms do not need to be sacrificed. Having many wonderful rights and freedoms is one of the of import reasons this country has become such an inventive and successful country, like the world has never seen before.As we venture into the 21st century, our freedoms and the way we are supposed to weather and act, has changed dramatically. It seems that every time we turn around we have less privacy and government has more control. When it comes to our rights and freedoms, the governments ability to make us feel safer and mo re gear up has made us except policies and procedures that normally would not even been thought about in the past. Not all the spy applied science that humans give rise is going to ca use up harm though.Biometrics is a technology that applies a persons unique physical traits to a sophisticated electronic device or outline to confirm identity. This kind of technology has its upsides and d suffersides. Facial recognition is one aspect or system of biometrics. Facial recognition biometric systems are everywhere today. We can have them in many places throughout large cities. Places like transit vehicles, city streets, casinos, banks, hospitals, and many other common places people are found have seventh cranial nerve recognition technology. The upside to having this type of technology is that it would be a good wickedness deterrent.Crime is probably the number one reason having this type of technology would be a huge benefit. Law enforcement departments would be able to sometimes bar crimes before they happen and definitely have concrete evidence if the crime is not stopped beforehand. Recently, after the Boston Marathon bomb exploded, the different law enforcement agencies used the cities video surveillance technologies to track down and as veritable the criminals. decision the bombers before they were able to do more damage would probably not have been possible without video surveillance.The downside to this technology is the assumption that people are on the Q.T. being videotaped. According to a study by the New York Civil Liberties Union, people in Manhattan are being secretly videotaped on public streets, remote buildings, and even in their backyard, by hidden surveillance cameras. Most hidden surveillance cameras are secured to rooftops, lampposts, and building entrances, but almost four hundred rotating cameras are hidden in light bulbs that look like street lights stated Dority (2001).People that are constantly in fear of crime will sometimes sac rifice freedoms to insure their family safety and security of the world around them. This could be the reason why so many are flocking to the idea of having security with video surveillance and other surveillance technologies without thinking about the consequences of what freedoms and rights might be given up.Video surveillance and other surveillance technologies are everywhere. We can find them at A. T. M.machines, convenience stores, parking garages, corporate offices, hotels, storage facilities, amusement parks, supermarkets, and do not forget about all the webcams all over the world, stated Soat (2005). The semipolitical and commercial applications of invasive surveillance technologies, together with gathering large quantities of data made possible by the Internet and high-speed computers, have brought frightening scenarios uncomfortably close to the realm of possibility, according to Jasper (2003).When governmentknows everything we say and do, including passport information, drivers license information, etc, then what is to stop nefarious people from trying to carry out their own agendas? The right and the left wing people in this country will sometimes do anything to accomplish their goals, including attempting to use any type of technology at their disposal. These types of technology could be used on people that are behind on their taxes, having traffic violations, or people who just own gold and silver.In the past gold has been rounded up and confiscated said Jasper (2003). Tyrannical governments have been around since the beginning of time. Why would we not at least have some officials in our own government that have tyrannical tendencies and will do everything in their power to capitalize on new invasive technologies that will tho their cause or propose? Talking to many people and researching the ways and means of some tyrannical governments in this world, one could besides imagine what certain human beings will do for more money and power.The mo re privacy we give up empowers some government officials to use the system no social function how invasive on we the people to acquire their own agenda. Our forefathers fought very hard to protect the rights and freedoms that we are losing more and more of everyday. When too much money, power, and control is given to so few individuals, it seems they become corrupt. The old saying Absolute power corrupts absolutely. The bigger that our government becomes our freedoms disappear and we are told how to live by someone else.thither have always been, and there always will be people that have evil tendencies and motives. If they are able to create this type of power, they will use it for selfish and evil deeds. Clark (2009) stated when large corporations and governments get together they become an entity that believes their way is the only way. When we look at the history of privacy and the human race, it has only been in the last forty to sixty years that we have had to really protect o ur privacy rights as governments work with large corporations to gain more control over us.Even before the digital revolution, the ability of individuals to maintain control over the improper discovery, dissemination, or misuse of their identity was threatened by the latent for governments to wiretap telephone lines or impose overly broad restrictions or burdens on speech for businesses to misuse customer data and for thieves to steal personal information said Jasper (2003). Privacy today is definitely a more pressing issue than ever before. If we as people ever needed to think about and make the correct decisions, now is the time.If there was ever a time in the history of the world to protect ourselves from the hand of Big Brother, and all of the indirect ways it is coming up with to grow bigger and control everything it can touch, now is the time. One issue that stands out when it comes to privacy is religious beliefs. Religious Beliefs and Privacy when it comes to implanting hu man computer chips has very much intensified in recent decades. Not only has putting computer chips into animals been a hot topic, computer break off everything from humans to the products we buy is also an issue many are concerned about.According to Katherine Albrecht (2005), when it comes to implanting computer chips into humans, some very powerful people are push button for this very technology. This issue is gaining momentum in the religious communities because of its resemblance to the Mark of the Beast in the bible. Ever since the introduction of the implantable computer chip, the issue has been gaining momentum in religious circles because many are worried about going to money less economic systems that can only be accessed by a implantable computer chip.There is quite a bit of evil that is involved with this topic in the bible. Bamford (2002) stated that when there is such a large religious base, and one looks at how passionate people can become over different issues, it i s easy to see that these kinds of decisions need to be well thought out to prevent riots and wars. Just about every person in America has some kind of data file on them by one or more of the big private companies, let alone the databases compiled by the Government.When we lose privacy we are told it is for our own good, or our own protection, or to make our lives better. But is it outlay it? With companies like Google reading all the contents that travel through their computers then, handing all of the information over to the government, what are we supposed to do? engine room is like a gun. A gun is neither good nor evil. It is who is using the technology, or gun, and what their intentions are for using it. If people do not stand up for their rights, big government will take more and more freedoms and rights away.Since the beginning of time governments have become large and then they destroy the country from within before anyone realizes what has happened. Technology is clashing with privacy. We need to figure out how to have the benefits of technology while keeping the privacy we need and deserve. There needs to be a capable medium. Could you imagine the freedoms we would lose if we had to obey a one world government? Most other leaders from other countries do not believe the reasonable person deserves the rights and privacy that we as Americans have.Our forefathers understood that if you give the government unchecked powers, you were inviting abuse of power and tyranny. Whether we are talking about the decisions we make today touch or our world in the future, when it comes to privacy issues, it is safe to say that looking out for our own privacy is just going to be normal. Life as we know it can change in a heartbeat if we as human beings cannot make the right decisions to impact our world in a exacting way.

Rastafarianism Religious Beliefs: Spiritual Practices

Rastafarianism Religious Beliefs Spiritual PracticesOver the years, on that point have been various explanations to the causes of cordial distemper while more or less have indicated genetic causes, others have identify socio-economic causes and others have explained it using a stress-vulnerability model. Sometimes it has been explained as a combination of these factors solely irrespective of these explanations which could be argued, it has been substantiated by various studies. One washstandnot dismiss the knockout association of ethnical and religious thoughts and normals in the explanation of cordial illness and how these explanation and beliefs can influence intervention options sought by the undivided and clinicians attitudes and responses. In some instances, people experiencing mental illness may have delusions of religious content as this can obscure valuable diagnosis and required treatment to be given (Cinnirella and Loewenthal, 1999). Although, holiness in certai n(p) instances does not have association with mental health disorders, when it does, some close associates of the person experiencing mental health difficulties jibe them as someone who requires treatment, while others think they have a good enough doctrine or fundamental ideas and forget seldom seek checkup or psychological intervention (Johnson-Hill, 1995).Rastafarianism is a way of life predominately allied with people of the Afro-Caribbean background. The motion turned religion, began in Jamaica in the 1930s, came into view as a proxy to the governance of western colonial authority and values. Teachings of Marcus Garvey, who advocated and championed the interests of people of African descent in the Diaspora, inspired the movement (Chevannes, 1998). There are over a million world good pursuit of Rastafarian religion. It has been estimated that close to 5,000 Rastafarians are living in England and Wales in the 2001 census and in that respect are considerable followers o f the trustfulness in communities predominately in London, Leeds, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Bristol and Nottingham (BBC, 2009).The primary aim of the religion is to bring more or less the elementary transformation of an unjust society. Ethiopianism is an idea that merges Ethiopia and the whole of the African continent which occupies followers of the Rastafarian cartel with dreams of a drop to their heaven on earth (Chevannes, 1994). Johnson-Hill (1995) stated that everything about this religion, the use of the holy herb (cannabis), the use of the term I, centre We, and songs are all intended for the Oneness (divine self) within inner self discovery which acts to strengthen the individual. All these aid the Rastafarian to engage in duty of the mind and be regarded as person of self worth (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998).The rise of Bob Marley, who was a practicing Rastafarian made the movement/ religion very everyday not only in the Caribbean but the whole world and has attracted a considerable number of followers mainly blacks, and some white people who championship to have affiliation with Africa, to the ethics and practices of the Rasta faith. The inclusion of white people to the religion has led to a change in their philosophy of skin colour to an taste of the mind and self- determinism (Johnson-Hill, 1995).Their strict teachings and practices, like any other religion may have protective factors against mental illness however it does not exempt an individual from experiencing mental health difficulties. This article will attempt to highlight the assembly line of Rastafarianism, spiritual practices and its impact on mental health and mental health practice. author of the Rastafari ReligionMarcus Garvey was one of the fo under(a)s of the religion. His middle name Mosiah which was interpreted by people as a link in the midst of Biblical Moses and the Messiah was very authoritative to his followers and turned the United Negro Improvem ent Association to a worldwide movement. Garvey used Biblical suggestion of Ethiopia as a place of return to Africa and in addition predicted to his followers to Look to Africa for the crowning of a Black faggot he shall be the Redeemer (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). As Barrett (1988) pointed out, this prophecy to all of Garveys followers existed in their minds until in 1930, when Ras Tafari the great grandson of King Saheka Selassie was crowned Emperor of Ethiopia. He took up the name Haile Selassie (Might of the Trinity) and other titles as King of Kings, Lord of Lords, Conquering lion of the Tribe of Judah, Elect of God and Light of the World and placed himself in the dynasty of King Solomon (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998).Many Jamaicans and followers of the United Negro Improvement Association saw the coronation as a revelation from God and the fulfilment of the prophecy predicted earlier by Marcus Garvey. The fundamental idea of Ethiopianism and Messianism we re put together by the Garvey movement whose task was to rebuild Africa shattered by the invasion of the colonialists (Chevannes, 1998).Rastafarians soon accredited themselves as bureau of the twelve tribes of the biblical Israel and identified with Haile Selassie as the redeemer or messiah who would lead them away from the white oppression (Babylon) with a promise of a return to Africa (Barrett, 1988).Johnson-Hill (1995) pointed out that although some followers of the faith returned to Ethiopia, others now see this mission as a psychological self discovery and personal attribute to Africa its culture and way of life.Rastafarian beliefs, rituals and practicesThe Bible is of great importance to the practice of Rastafarianism but only some of its content is peculiar to the religion. However the Rasta believes in the Bible as having higher power to expose evil. They have nurtured for themselves a wide range of beliefs and spiritual practices with support from their interpretation of v arious texts in the Bible (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998).The Rastafarians are persuaded that God is black and support their doctrine with Biblical text in Jeremiah 821. A reverence of Haile Selassie is very vital to the Rasta as he is perceived as a living god and returned messiah linking him to the lineage of King Solomon. The distinct characteristics of Haile Selassie is divine to the followers of Rastafarianism but to some he is an incarnation of God who is called Jah or combined as Jah-Rastafari which they support with Biblical verses in Revelations 52-5, Psalms 684 and Psalm 873-4. (Barrett, 1988).Chevannes (1994) points out that twice every week, the Bobo Shantis who are the strict followers of the religion use prayer and fasting and drumming as an essential part of the Rastafarian faith. On these occasions, nothing whatsoever passes their lips from noon to sunset amid worship in their temple. Prayer is predominately done terzetto times every day, where the believer p rostrates facing east at sunrise, noon and sunset. These religious beliefs and practices clearly have implications for mental health practice.The general believe in the Rastafarian religion is peace and their denouncement of violence. Sometimes this non-violent way of life is highly unachievable due to their socioeconomic strata and the militant affiliation of one department of the religion, the Nyahbingi order that might support violence. The Rastafarians lifestyle and day to day activities began as a deviation from societys norms and the formation of a cohesive unit. Protest against authority brought about violence in the early days of the founding of the religion (Johnson-Hill, 1995).The Bobo Shantis (a sect of Rastafarianism), are self mindful non violent people who wear their dreadlock hair under turbans. They desist from amassing wealth and property with a notion of living a very simple life similar to the lifestyle and practices of the ancient Israelites while observant the Sabbath weekly from Friday evening through Saturday evening (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). Another division of the Rastafarian religion is the twelve tribes of Israel which have larger and diverse followers. Each tribe is associated with a month of the year according to the names of the twelve tribes of Israel and members are deemed equal in status although they may function differently (Barrett, 1988).In the Rastafarian religion, women are seen as less superior beings and obtain the faiths thorough divine wisdom through their husband, or partner (Barrett, 1988). This indicates the possibility of Rastafarian men treating women inhumanely and perhaps preventing them from accessing mental health services and treatment. There are some traditional practices which bear similarities in the practices of Rastafarians where in the public place, women must wear ankle space dresses, and hair must be covered during ritual proceedings. Rasta women are exempt from cooking when menstrua ting and in certain situation they are placed in secrecy (Chevannes, 1998). Although these are beliefs and custom held by the Rastafarians, it is evident that it can cause oppression to the woman, and can be a contributing factor of mental illness.Another belief or practice that can have implications for the treatment of mental illness is the Rastafarians placing a valuable importance on nature. It is seen as an endowment of Jah for healing and sanctification of military man (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). As a result of this view, they reject unnatural things relevant to life including medical treatment, rather preferring the natural herbal use. The use of cannabis referred to by the Rastafarians as the herb, weed or ganja is believed to have been found on the grave of King Solomon and it is to aid in gaining insight into life, have a clear moral sense and meditating in worship (Barrett, 1988).CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSCannabis and mental healthA feature that people attribute to Rastafarianism is the use of cannabis. To the Rastafarian smoking cannabis is a special spiritual experience and help in their meditation as well as enlightens their mind. A procedure referred to as reasoning. The ritualistic way involving groom and prayer before using cannabis is sacred to them. Smoking cannabis without purpose is regarded as disrespectful to a Rasta (Barrett, 1988). To the Rastafarian, it is their right to use cannabis but its cultivation and possession according to the law is illegal and warrants a police caution or arrest (Home Office, 2009).In a medical context, the association between cannabis sativa commonly known as cannabis, marijuana, weed, or herb and psychosis has been raised. Cannabis sativa is exceptional for producing different types of cannabinoids but the most powerful type associated with psychosis is the Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which also contains carbon monoxide and carcinogens found in tobacco (Ashton, 1999). The THC content in cannabis h as dramatically augmented over the years due to the advanced ways by which the plant is cultivated. The increased potency of cannabis nowadays may expose users to high doses of THC.In a study conducted by Reilly et al., (1998) using 268 coherent term users of cannabis with regular usage of at least three times per week, the subjects gave reasons for their cannabis use as mainly for relaxation, having a feel good takings and to alleviate stressors in their day to day lives. They however account feelings of anxiety or depression, lack of motivation, exhibition of paranoid ideation and some also account respiratory symptoms. Beer (2007) explained that certain individuals with a Valine modification in the dopamine-regulating COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase) gene are vulnerable to developing psychosis and cannabis can exacerbate psychosis in individuals with this defect in their genome. Experiments conducted by DSouza et al (2004) described the existence of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia in the healthy people in their study who were given cannabis intravenously and also a transient acute psychotic episode in others. Early commencement of cannabis use on a frequent initiation was noted as a strong predictor in the individuals future addiction to cannabis and an important relation to depression (Kalant, 2004). He further showed that there is evidence that memory and information processing in the children of women who are chronic users of cannabis were permanently affected and a susceptibility to other illicit drugs dependance in later life owing to early exposure.Still exploring the impact of cannabis use on mental health, Ashton (1999) has indicated the pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids as it enters the lungs into the blood stream and the effect it precipitates. As the cannabis smoke is inhaled or taken orally, its effect is noticed within minutes and evoking a physiological and physical effects in users. In the bloodstream, the cannabinoi ds are circulated quickly to parts of the body requiring high blood demand like the brain, liver and lungs. In the brain, cannabinoids like THC act as admirer at the CB1 receceptors which is only found in the brain and a second one is also located in peripheral tissues particularly in the resistive system (Iversen, 2003).Studies have shown that these CB1 receptors are predominately confined to axons and nerve terminals but not in the dendrites or body of the neurons. These receptors have a presynatic mechanism in origin and modify the release of neurotransmitters which are mainly found in the basal ganglia, cerebellum, hypothalamus, anterior cingulated cortex, hippocampus and cerebral cortex (Levenes et al., 1998). Chronic cannabis use is connect to memory, learning impairment and cognitive function which are allied with the cortex and the hippocampus with subsequent mental health deficit (Iversen, 2003). Impaired judgement by these users relates to disruption in their decision making. This effect of cannabis on the brain explains the effect of the amount of dopamine released corresponds to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia whereby excessive proceeds of dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia (Johns, 2001).There is an extensive research highlighting the adverse effect cannabis has on ones mental state most especially in chronic or regular users. The capacity of cannabis is to generate a high, a notion widely associated with its use. Its contumely or addiction is related to real pre-morbid psychopathology (affective and personality disorders as well as psychotic disorders). The intense reaction it gives is ecstatic otherwise a euphoric, detached and relaxed feeling which may append with perpetual use of cannabis (Johns, 2001).Patriarchal structure and mental health implicationWhile the woman signifies an enchanting pleasure to men and also pleasurable their partners desires by not showing dissatisfaction or allowed to complain abou t anything in the Rastafarian faith, she is thought to denote a specific hazard to their men. Rastafarians believe that a woman is of such wayward nature that only through her male spouse, her king-man, may she attain the enlightenment of Jah (Chevannes, 1998).Using Biblical context of Adam and eve and Samson and Delilahs experiences, Rastafarian men do not trust their women folk. This feature of the Rasta faith which has societys condemnation is the issue of dissimilarity in gender and a patriarchate practice. In certain Rastafarian communities, some of these sexist ideas results in women being marginalised, seen as inferior and a source of sin. There is a conception about women being submissive to their men folk and always show respect as well as do what they ask which is very contradictory or antithesis to their belief about human equality (Johnson-Hill, 1995). This oppression and control can lead to emotional and physical disgust in the women. Domestic violence arises when a partner considers dictating and gaining control of the other partner. Most often abusers are of the male gender and the withdraw to dominate may arise from low self esteem, innate inferiority issues in socioeconomic and educational status, excessive anger and jealousy. Intense traditional beliefs or cultural practices may influence peoples behaviours as they grow all witnessing these practices of abuse from childhood or being victims of abuse themselves and the subsequent development to think it is right to control and abuse women (Briere, 1996).This occurrence of jealousy, insecurity and all forms of abuse with the situation of intimate relationship are common (Spiegel, 2003). Abuse is often thought as a physical abuse but emotional and communicatory aspects can be as damaging as that of the physical. In many situations of abuse, these women will seldom report such incidences and only in serious proportions resulting in injuries and death reaches the attention of the authoritie s. Women experiencing this ordeal of pain and trauma in their relationships are referred to seek mental health and psychological interventions (Salter, 1995). In a cross-sectional suss out comprising of 432 women who attended walk-in clinics, Maharaj et al (2010) used the Woman Abuse Screening Test (WAST) and showed a major association between abuse in mental health disorders in the patients especially depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder.A longitudinal study conducted by Roberts et al (1999) with women aged between 16 to 74 years, who were handle at the accident and emergency department investigated the features of symptoms and precedents of mental illness associated with domestic violence and abuse. Their findings showed similarities with other results highlighted in other research which identified that women who suffer abuse in their adult lives suffered an impact on their mental health and other women who experienced similar abuse in their childhood as well as adult life also had a significant difficulty in their mental health than women in the control group who were women not abused in any form. These studies clearly indicate an association between abuse and mental health problems. It also indicates that addressing the issues of abuse is paramount to religious beliefs and practices in mental health practice. The other implication it has on mental health practice is professionals ability to carry out accurate endangerment assessment and subsequently manage risk in the light of these complex beliefs and practices.Rastafarianism and the vegans syndromeThe Rasta believes that it is wrong to eat the carcass of animals because then the body is being converted into a burial ground (Chevannes, 1994). Most Rastafarians will not eat animal meat, some will eat fish but not eat shellfish and the consumption of milk by some is viewed as not coming from dead animals. They will not eat fruit that has been altered from its natural form nor any food th at has been processed. In vegan diet, there is a low concentration of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a vital component of the synthesis of DNA and has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders (Lerner and Kanevsky, 2002). Vitamin B12 contributes an important part in the maintenance of homeostasis in the nervous and the transport systems (haematology). The daily dietary recommendation is 2.5 g and only produced naturally by some microorganisms unlike homo who have to obtain it from their diet especially in dairy products, eggs, fish and meat (Catalano et al., 1998). A decline in the level of vitamin B12 causes anaemia, a rise in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), haematocrit and haemoglobin and some patients are found to have normal blood levels but deficient in this vitamin which can prove difficult to diagnose. Its role in the disorders of a neuropsychiatric is understudied, however several research cited by Catalano et al (1998) in their article has p ostulated toxic levels in homocysteine, axonal demylenition of neurons are a cause of inadequateness in vitamin B12 and an association with mental health difficulties. It has proven a challenge to diagnose, as the psychiatric symptoms sometimes can present with or without hematologic or neurological appearance (Sabeen and Holroyd, 2009). There is a correlation between vitamin B12 deficiency and different types of psychiatric and neurological deficits. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) plays an important role as a coenzyme in human metabolism which contributes to the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and noradrenalin. Defects in these neurotransmitters can lead to a decline in mental state and subsequently evolve into a psychiatric disorder (Hutto, 1997).Symptoms of a psychiatric nature that is accredited to a deficiency to vitamin B12 are a decline in cognitive function, confusion, delirium, depression, acute psychosis (agitation, paranoia, hallucination) and a rare schizophrenia presentation. In the older adult patients, there are reported cases of dementia and catatonic presentation and other patients presented with neurological deficit like paresthesias, ataxia and other sensory impairments (N. Berry, Sagar and Tripathi, 2003).RecommendationsIt is very evident that the religious beliefs and practices of Rastafarians have implications for mental health and mental health practice. It will be recommended thatPracticeRastafarians have nurtured a phonological scheme of words into a new framework of the face language which is heavily accented. This exclusive way of communicating might obstruct the clinicians task in mental health assessment of a Rastafarian. Health professionals ought to be aware of the variations in making accurate assessments. This will include sometimes consulting people with in-depth knowledge.Secondly, a thorough spiritual assessment needs to be considered especially if the patient is a practising Rastafarian as spiritual pr actices like chanting, fasting and their dietary needs to be adhered to and some of the beliefs and practices can be construed as symptoms. acme awareness of vitamin B12 deficiency and its relation to psychiatric symptoms among healthcare professionals is essential to provide understanding to the vegan syndrome in these people who presents as anaemic or neuro-psychiatric disorder or both. Training regarding this causality of deficiency in vitamin B12 and psychosis should be ruled out when these group of people present with symptoms of a psychiatric nature.During any psychological or psychiatric assessment of the Rastafarian women, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of abuse and in- depth exploration into the likelihood of abuse in order to safeguard the individual. psychological intervention could also play an important part in ensuring their well being if identified of suffering abuse.Cannabis use and its association with psychotic illness should not be undermined. Patie nts and their carers need to be educated about the risks of cannabis use. Staff should set up groups to educate and help patients to be abstinent.Training and raisingIn pre qualification training, health professionals need to be educated on the existence of such beliefs and practices and its impact on mental health assessment and direction despite this group being little. Subsequently, post qualification training in religious, cultural and spiritual needs has to begin exploring the needs of this minority group. Furthermore, training in techniques such as motivational interviewing will be invaluable.Education of the general public as a whole is also important, and followers of the Rastafarian faith should be encouraged to include products like milk or take vitamin B12 supplements in their diets.ResearchFurther research into the Rastafarian beliefs and practices and its implications for mental health need to be carried out as this is limited and almost non-existentConclusionIt has b een established that the beliefs and practices of Rastafarians has implications for mental health and mental health practice. The differences between Rastafarianism and other typical religion are myriad, including no set membership, no ordained or commanding leader, and as a whole there is association with the outside world.In certain societies, Rastafarians have been described as a religious group exhibiting delusions. The negative analysis needs to be questioned because it suggests a misinterpretation of the ideals of the religion and encourages the incorrect concept that their beliefs are atypical to notions of other religious movements. Despite these diverse ideas, it should be highlighted that Rastafarians, like other religions Christians, Muslims, Buddhist etc are susceptible of having mental health difficulties. diagnosis and management should be based on clinical examination and a holistic understanding of the person, in order to provide an appropriate medical, religious an d cultural sensitive care.