Gendered Movements of the 1960's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gendered Movements of the 1960s - examine Exampleis contrary to the past whereby most of them postponed marriages or relationships fearing extra responsibilities that remerged with being sexu bothy active (Golson & Carlisle 170). Therefore, The birth control pills approval gave them liberty meant to plan how they needed their lives. This is especially to those who felt they could adequately handle some(prenominal) education as well as have families, because the latter would not weigh them down, hence hint women compromise their dreams (Golson & Carlisle 170).Womens realization that they were capable of reaching high heights in their lives prompted them to embark on guest to have equal elevation in the society, hence the The Feminine Mystique emergence (Kranson, Kohn & buffet car 237). This was a publication chronicling numerous predicaments and injustices experienced by the female gender especially in the past that were quiet down evident during the middle 20Th Period despite re gimes claiming to believe in gender equality (Kranson, Kohn & Diner 237). Hence, questioning regimes whether motherhood and housework roles were still gratifying goals for the female gender owing to the then dominant gender based segregation (Golson & Carlisle 159). In her book, Betty Friedan purpose entailed awakening of the female gender besides challenging the then and coming regimes about their perception concerning womens position (Kranson, Kohn & Diner 230). The author contended what the women experienced during the mid 20Th period was incomparable and lacked name to expound it, hence her book acted as the start of all (Kranson, Kohn & Diner 237). The Start of all encompassed instilling the necessary momentum meant for the women to agitate for their privileges and equal their male counterparts. Therefore, this yielded to the portrayal of numerous and key gender related acts, for instance, Civil Rights title Title VII (Wolbrecht 152).The 1964 Civil Rights Act Title VII inter pretation and amendment encompassed shunning segregation

Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Business - Research Paper ExampleNevertheless, the follow should concur its hiring policy in relation to child labor regardless of the environment the business is operating in.In every entity, the extent to which a business can make profits is limited by the estimable framework in which the business is operating in. Ethical concerns override the selfish ambitions of the company to make profits. When a company accepts to employ children in foreign countries against its policies portrays a bad image for the company. It shows the company is only focussed on making profits without considering other issues that are of greater concern. Companies with high ethical standards have forever excelled because ethics is non-current asset to the business. For instance, Ford Motors was named the most ethical company of the year in 2010 (Ramsey, 2011). An analysis of monetary performance of Ford Motors shows that it is excellent. From a pretax profit of $6.6 billion in 2010 to a pretax profit of $8.8 billion in 2011, it shows the companys financial performance is growing steadily (Ramsey, 2011). This is interesting comparing how the company was essay during the previous three years from 2010. The good financial performance is attributed to good public image. If a company compromises and chooses to endorse child employment, it will only help to taint its long image. Therefore, any company with long-term goals to prosper should not gamble with this issue.In addition, there are so many complexities that are leading(a) many MNCs into child labor. One of the main reasons over time has been the level of competition. Stiff competition is madcap many corporations to convey unprofessional means of dealing with competition. One of these means is the direct cutting of in operation(p) costs of these companies. Corporations looking for lower operational costs are opting for child labor as a means of cutting down on costs (Pimpa, 2011). This is a bad approach by companies. Wheneve r companies adopt direct

Culture, Ethics, and Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

shade, Ethics, and Diversity - Research Paper ExampleFrom this newspaper publisher it is clear thatCrane and Matten humorously stated that an organization without ethics is like a ship in the middle of the sea without sailor. It has been argued by the seekers that honorable leadership is needed for organization in order to win sustainable growth. Crane and Matten also argued that global organizations face plenty of conflicts and trust deficit while direct business in competitive global environment and in such cases, these organizations need to follow just about rigid estimable guidelines in order to address these challenges successfully.This discussion highlights thatCameron and Quinn raised a pertinent disbelief that can organizations achieve leadership position by deploying kitchen-gardening of ethics and moral principles? Well the resolving power of the question is not very simple due to the detail ethics is an intangible element which has the might to impact the tangi ble outcomes. Another problem is that there is exempt no standardized definition of organisational culture. In such context, Trevino and Weaver defined ethical organizational culture as the organizational setting which allows members to follow legal principles and do not invite in those activities which can digest the hobby of not only organization but also hurt the interest of social members. Consideration of the research work of Kaptein reveals the fact that corporate ethics virtues (CEV) model can be used to understand ethical culture in organization.... Zhang, Lowry, Zhou & Fu (2007) criticized the assumptions of previous research scholars that organizations only use the concept of transmutation for achieving intromission because sometimes, organizations create culture of diversity due to strategic reasons. However, it is evident from the above discussion that there is pregnant amount of doubt confusion and argument exist regarding integration of culture of ethics and cu lture of diversity within organizational context. Another important thing is that, very few research scholars have move to understand the intra level relationship between ethical culture and diversity driven culture and how the joint relationship between these two variables can impact organizational leadership. In the next section, the researcher get out address these issues in the light of existing literature. Literature Review Organizational Leadership & Ethical Culture Cameron and Quinn (2006) raised a pertinent question that can organizations achieve leadership position by deploying culture of ethics and moral principles? Well the answer of the question is not very simple due to the fact ethics is an intangible element which has the capability to impact the tangible outcomes. Another problem is that there is still no standardized definition of organizational culture. In such context, Trevin?o and Weaver (2003) defined ethical organizational culture as the organizational setti ng which allows members to follow legal principles and do not involve in those activities which can hurt the interest of not only organization but also hurt the interest of social members. Consideration of the research work of Kaptein (2008) reveals the fact that corporate ethics virtues (CEV)

Kite Runner of Khaled Hosseini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

increase Runner of Khaled Hosseini - Essay ExampleComparison amidst emir and Hassan The comparison between amir and Hassan shows that Amir is a jealous person as opposed to Hassan. This is because, whenever Amir sees his perplex loving Hassan more than him, he gets jealous. As a result, he seeks methods aimed at attracting his fathers affection by trying severe and winning the local increase-running tournament. To ensure that he remains alone with his in their home, he frames Hassan as a thief by planting some money and a watch under his mattress so that when his father finds out Hassan is a thief, he will force him out of the family. In addition to jealousy, Amir is arctic and a coward. For instance, when Hassan takes long after going to look for the blue kite, he goes searching for him and when he finds him in the hands of Assef who bullies Hassan and sexually abuses him, he does not help him (36). Besides, he hides and watches helplessly but thinking if he does get the blue kite to his father, he will approve him. In the other end, Hassan is a real successful kite runner. Hassan is also a brave boy and loving friend. For instance, when Assef tries to attack Amir, he go forward to defend Amir simply because he is brave and a caring friend for he defends his closest friend Amir. Similarities between Amir and Hassan The novel portrays Amir and Hassan as closest friends despite Hassan universe a Hazarajat and therefore not allowed to stay close to Amir traditionally. The novel gives a number of similarities between Amir and Hassan. For example, within the context of their close association just as portrayed in wear out of the novel, it is deducible that both Amir and Hassan are friendly (44). Hassan is a Hazarajat and their tradition does not approve of his friendship with Amir. On the other side, Hassan does many affaires to help Amir due to their friendship. He defends him from bullies and helps him win the local kite-running tournament (59). All this happens because they are both friendly. When Amir returns to Pakistan after Rahim Khan who is ailing calls him, he establishes something that portrays another simile between him and Hassan. Khan tells Amir that, for all that time he was not aware but as of that time, he knows. Khan is certain that Ali was not the true father of Hassan his real father was Baba, Amirs father. On that note, Amir finds out that Hassan was his half brother and they both shared the same biological father. This shows that, apart(predicate) from being closest friends, they are also brothers. It is therefore agreeable that Amir and Hassan have another thing in common which is, they share the same father (64). Furthermore, both Hassan and Amir have talents. The novel portrays Hassan as a talented kite runner while Amir has talent in locating where the kite will fall even without looking. Thus, their talents are also part of the similarities that they share. How do their differences ruin their relations hip? Amir and Hassan relate as friends and share the same home. However, they are not relatives. Baba, Amirs father is thick and Amir gets almost everything that he wants. Hassan on the other hand ails from a poor family and can totally get what is necessary. Since Amir feels that his father does not love him as much as he loves Hassan, he resolves to do things that ruin his relationship with Hassan. For examp

Named data networking Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Named data electronic networking - depot Paper ExampleNamed data networking is a new architecture that has been developed to revolutionize the trustworthy internet architecture. There is no doubt the network engineers have made significant increase in the ongoing network design. Indeed, current networks have many innovations that have transformed how data ar shared betwixt various computers connected to the internet. Despite these, the same network is qualifyd by many challenges that have hindered the transfer of data between different endpoints. However, the distinguishd data networking is a paradigm that is poised to overcome the many challenges facing current implementation of networks. The introduction of named data networking will give more emphasis on data, liberate meat from providers and provide a myriad of benefits to computer spendrs, despite having some limitations. How named data network works The development of the named data networking is based on a number of concepts that work to improve how data is shared crosswise the internet. These concepts shape the function of any named data network based on the principle of named data networking. In a named data networking, each piece of data has a name, which uniquely identifies the data anywhere in the network configuration. In addition, all pieces of data provide more information on what they contain earlier than what they are. The change from who to what is a significant shift that defines how named data networks function (Chen, Goes, & Marsden 154). ... This is a process where data are signed with unique signature name that also secure the metadata. The specific signatures are public keys with natural covering enforced between names and data. Because of this, a named data network does not need a name lookup process. Named data networks also have encryption mechanism that secures packets during transit from one location to another. date principles are a core function that influences the functioning of named data network. In a named data network, variable quantity length identifiers are used to name data thus categorizing them into hierarchies. Content versions and segments are used to characterize information at the lower levels of a named data network (Serpanos and Wolf 23). When in use, the named data network works by specifying how information can traverse the network. The selection process is done when a swarm sends an concern group. The transport strategy in named data networks entails sending of single data packets in retort to each interest packet received. In some instances, network hosts can send many interest packets to ensure that flow of data is controlled in some applications. With the difficulty of flow control, network nodes learn the outdo strategy to send their packets to support an end-to-end communication. Content segments are also used to replace transmission control protocol sequence numbers in use. Named data networks have different rout ing mechanism. A named data network makes use of a mechanism that provides link advertisement between various nodes. This advertisement provides includes a named prefix. Similarly, OSPF protocols can be used to achieve intra-domain routing that includes type-label values that indicated in the protocol segment. The use of names removes the challenge of using IP architecture for routing

Art for the Sake for Society and Beauty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art for the Sake for Society and Beauty - Essay ExampleTolstoy stressed the activated importance pivots on the value of communication as infection. This aesthetic conception led Tolstoy to pass the criteria of what imposture exactly is. Good craft, he cl functions foster feelings of universal brotherhood. Bad maneuver inhibits such feelings. Tolstoy believes that it is unfit of people in his society to continue to embrace the Greek tradition of dodge. He was also of the perspective that the most important quality of artistic creation is sincerity and he claims that professionalism causes a sense of sincerity in the operative as art which is produced for a living is more likely to be false and disingenuous. Oscar Wilde blames the universal for this. He says that the art should never try to make it popular. The familiar should try to make itself artistic. The insistence of public to exercise its informantity on art is immoral and the fault lies in the up bringing. Tolstoys view of art mirrors the very idiosyncratic and sovereign nature of his testify interpretation of Christianity. He was of the view that a comfortably art must be religious art. He also claims that criticism or interpretation of art is irrelevant and superfluous.Oscar Wilde in The Soul of Man under Socialism also shares the same view on professionalism of art. He says, an individual who has to make things for the use of others and with reference to their wants and wishes does not work with interest and thus cannot govern his best into his work. Upon the other hand, when a community or a government of any kind, attempts to dictate the artist what he should do, then art either wholly dies out, or becomes stereotyped or degenerates into a downhearted and dishonorable appearance of art. Wilde too supports the view by regarding art as a matter of bring and supply. Tolstoy says, A work of art is the unique result of a unique temperament. Its beauty comes from the fact that the author is what he is. It has nothing to do with the fact that other people want what they want. The moment art is do on demand and personal choice of the audiences the artist looses the claim to be called an artist and is merely a craftsman and a tradesman. Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world had known. The artist is the and one who can fashion a beautiful thing and he does not do it for his own pleasure than he is not an artist at all. Art on order, as per Wilde, is aggressive, offensive and brutalizing. The art that has escaped best are the arts in which the public take no interest. (Oscar Wilde, The Soul of a Man Under Socialism)According to Tolstoy, art cannot be defined as an activity that produces beauty. Beauty cannot be defined objectively, and hence cannot be used as a criterion to define what art is and what it is not. The aim of art is not merely to produce beauty or to provide pleasure and enjoyment. He wished that art should be served as a means of c ommunication and as a means of expression of experience. akin speech, art also serves as a means of union by transmitting the thoughts and experiences of men, the peculiarity of art being that whereas words transfer thoughts and ideas, art transfers feelings. Art develops a certain kind of relationship amongst the emitter who has produced it or is producing it and with all those who subsequently, simultaneously or

Case_2_-_Al_Dar-done-X Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case_2_-_Al_Dar-done-X - Case Study exerciseFor example, the high societys revenue for the yr ended December 31, 2009 was AED 1,979.3 million compared to AED 4,978.3 million for the anterior year (year 2008). That was a decrease of about 60.2%. In addition, the profit for that year was AED 1,006.9 million compared to AED 3,446.7 million in the previous year.Second, the reducing in the companys profitability levels minimized its ability to handle debt obligations promptly. In addition, the spot crash had left the market with just a few private players with the capacity to and the will to spoil the assets. Therefore, the mentioned reasons landed the company in liquidity deficit situation, thus, the inability to handle the debt. Third, the cost reduction outline of the company involving the layoff of 105 employees sparked worries among the employees. Most of them were unsure of their job security in the business thus, the genesis of the reduction in morale.The UAEs real estate d iligence is deeply affected by the global debt crisis. The opposed investors reduced the level of investment in the property. The residents purchasing power was also reduced by the splashiness effect. For that reason, the demand for housing products is low leading to a reduction in rental prices.The following sparing factors have affected the companys performance first, the unification of the individual states to form the Union, which prompted widespread infrastructural development, which boosted the companys performance. Second, the oil boom in the 1970s up to 1990s provided the capital necessary for sparing growth and development, which increased the companys performance. Last, the 2007-2010 credit crunch led to a reduction in the enterprises performance.Yes, the economy, the industry, and the company were shaken. Since the demand for real estate products and the level of foreign investments reduced, the profitability of the industry declined. The

What does Weber mean by charismatic authority How and why does he Essay

What does weber mean by charismatic permit How and why does he contrast it to bureaucratism - Essay ExampleMuch increase had been made, but he was not at all confident that that progress could raise human beings to the take moral status that was needed to ensure the adult male would be a livable place. hotshot puzzle he had was the appearance current social scientists were analyzing history and social activity. They all seem to think that the world was on a route of progress, hence their evaluation of history was framed from valued, or normative points of views. Weber created the use of exaltation type to analyze social data and activity such that values could be separated for observations and theorists could make empirically based views. An ideal type became a concept marking regularities of meaning(prenominal) action. The ideal type model would enable precise definitions for comparison and measurement of social reality. In his compend of attractorship ideal types that ha ve evolved through history, he created three models. These were the lawful or bureaucratic draw, the authority leader, and the charismatic leader. This report will concentrate on charismatic authority and will contrast it to bureaucracy. It will view how charismatic authority may contribute to a sociological understanding of force out in modern society. Discussion How has the concept of leader risen in society and in what way has it became an authority figure? Weber attempted to not make value judgments as he outlined his leadership types. Hence he was able to accept as a fact that the bureaucratic leader existed, alone with the traditional and charismatic ones. Although the route that the leader took to authority may have involved prejudice or arbitrary actions, Webers task was to describe the various types and how they came to be accepted (Titunik 65). The bureaucratic or legal leader represented the im in the flesh(predicate) type leader that worked efficiently in such orga nizations as businesses, schools, and still church hierarchies and hospitals. They were the officials of an organization who ruled not on personal loyalties, but on clear gradable chains of command that were organized on systems of intentionally created abstract rules. There were rules of conduct and specified roles were pronounced out. There were distinct spheres of ownership and staff and staff was paid more or less for skills that were acquired and see to operate on the position. One of the problems dealing with bureaucratic leadership was that many times it could be seen as lording over an emotionless iron cage (Weber 181). The traditional leader evolved from a historical patriarch whose position was that of a personal master who ruled over his subjects. He was more or less limited by traditional laws and his rule was held up by faithful followers who had received benefits. It is the charismatic leader whom Weber seems to draw much time on. This particular leader came to pow er through recognition of his exceptional powers as a hero, as a person who took the ultimate self-sacrifice. His followers are mesmerized before him and had accepted his otherworldly nature. He has exemplary character. He is able to bring meaning into the lives of his follower and he can snap off them goals and images to internalize and believe in to transcend their own limited existence (Conger et al 751). The charismatic leader releases his followers from custom, law and tradition, even from family responsibilities and, most importantly, from their own conscience (Conger et al 751). Dow sees it as an ideal type and an emotional life-force that remains forever beyond the reach of bureaucratic domination (Dow 85). Charismatic leadership directly contrasts bureaucratic leadership. Dow suggests that Weber celebrated charisma as an emotional life-force antagonistic to the dreary edifice of the iron cage (Dow 85). Yet, today they both can be seen operating easily in tantrum. One

Psycholosy (Counterconditioning theory) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psycholosy (Counterconditioning theory) - Essay ExampleFor example, a psychologist named Ivan Pavolov conducted a historied psychological experiment on dogs. He conditioned dogs to understand that when a bell was rang (the comment), the dogs began to salivate in reaction to learning that the bell meant food. This was an extremely important part of understanding classical conditioning. Phobias atomic number 18 an erroneous consternation of an object or setting. Often, this will cause shock with a person in that they atomic number 18 completely unable to function with the phobic neurosis present. One of the ways in which therapists work to help clients suppress their phobia is using behavioral therapy. One of the techniques, which are used, is the exposure technique. The basis behind exposure technique is for the therapist to expose the client to the phobia in which they are experienced in a controlled setting. This is oft dates done in a systematic routine starting with a low t hreat stimulus working up to complete exposure. For example, if a therapist was working with a client who had a fear of flying in airplanes, they might start by showing a video of an airplane flying. Next, they would attempt a flight simulator. These cognitive restructuring mistreats would build upon one another resulting in the final step of actually riding on an airplane. While this is similar to flooding technique that starts at the extreme of the phobia where exposure technique is done in increments. ... de Jong, Jasper A.J. Smits Affiliation Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University Source Journal of Behavior Therapy and observational Psychiatry, Vol 42(1), Mar, 2011. pp. 117-121. ISSN 0005-7916 Descriptors *Disgust *Exposure Therapy *Fear *Phobias Arachnida Abstract The present study examines the relative contributions of changes in allege fear and nuisance emotions to improvements in spider phobia observed with exposure-based treatment. Sixty-one treatment-seeking s pider fearful individuals underwent a one-session exposure in vivo treatment. Growth curve analyses indicated that treatment was associated with significant improvements in state fear and disgust reactions to a live spider and self-reported trait spider phobia symptoms. Mediation analyses demonstrated that changes over time in state fear and disgust each explained unique variance in improvements in phobic symptoms over time. Examination of the effect size of the mediated pathways suggests that changes in fear and changes in disgust are important to reductions in the severity of spider phobia symptoms during exposure-based treatment. The implications of these findings for conceptualizing the role of fear and disgust emotions in the keep and treatment of spider phobia are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) Methodology Empirical Study hearing Quantitative Study Electronic Print Electronic Journal Peer Reviewed Journal Journal phrase Accepted Date Jul 29, 2010 Revised Date Jul 27, 2010 First Submitted Date Apr 20, 2010 20110117All rights reserved.. Elsevier Ltd.. 2010. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.07.007 In this study, there was an experiment test in order to see whether exposure therapy worked on treating arachnophobia. They had a sample size of

E-marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

E-marketing - Research Paper object lessonIn this survey, the viewers were required to answer a number of questions that would provide key information on what the bonny user was provided with in terms of service quality by each of these two sites. early(a) important reasons for choosing these companies are due to the fact that they continue to operate in similar ways. Moreover, they are in direct competition in the quest for gaining more shares in the online auction market. For the ease of conducting the survey, a meeting of around 30 people were chosen for the survey after having established that each of them had had no antecedent experience in all the site subprograms such as placing bids, searching, monitoring bids, acquire them victimization credit cards etc. These people were then given a time frame of 10 days within which, they had to film familiarized with the operations of both the sites. As such, these set of 30 customers got voluminous time to explore the site and w ere encourage to do things such as placing bids, bidding for other objects, buying some of the products that had been posted on these sites etc. Thereafter, these customers were asked to answer a questionnaire that had a set of 15 elementary questions. The questions were simply aimed at assessing different parameters of site quality such a the time required to get acclimatized to the site, the level of security visible, the range of products offered, the ease with which a customer could place a bid/ struggle/buy a product, the level of transparency in the site etc. in addition, questions that were asked as disassociate of the questionnaire also aimed at assessing the site features such as the appeal, quality of site content, ease of navigation, ease of operation etc. thus, the parameters assessed by way of these questions would ensure that both these sites were thoroughly assessed for the extent of service quality tornado present in these sites.The results of the analysis for eac h of these questions are presented in the form of a table. The table shows the average of the points given by the test customers on a scale of 1 to 4.INDEXQUESTIONEBayviragoAverage ratingAverage rating1Ease of finding a product on the site3.243.282Ease of navigating through the site3.403.553The site makes you come back once more and again3.353.414The appearance of the site3.213.355The level of competition among customers2.953.126Range of products3.323.607The ease of financial transactions3.253.308Security of private information3.503.529Ease of discourse with the other party3.153.2610Pace of sale of products2.873.0011Product is verified thoroughly3.403.3512Better for bargaining3.263.1713Reputation3.103.4514Speed with which products are delivered2.953.1515Allows for resolving queries2.903.04 The suggest of the evaluation was more directed towards using the actual and existing situation for evaluating the service quality preferably than conduct the survey in a test environment. Ther efore, it was useful in this regard to have customers who were immaterial from having interacted actively with the site just prior to the survey. It so happened that in addition to registering and using the various features of the sites actively, some had in fact been buying and selling products and had thus gained good experience with

Milk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Milk - examine ExampleThere are various types of microorganisms that can be found in milk and colligate p terminalucts depending on the hygiene standards followed.The microorganisms found in milk and milk related products are classified as unfavorable- ones that are responsible for causing spoilage, and favorable- ones that responsible for bringing about desired changes in the products. There are various established methods available to enumerate the type of the microorganisms present along with their quantification. To ensure that the consumer gets a safety product for consumption various bodies like the FDA and Codex have established the product regulatory standards that each(prenominal) the milk producers and processors are supposed to meet across the product marketing chain.1. Bacteria - These are wizard celled microorganisms, normally measured in microns and one of the methods of their classification is based on the fundamental shapes that they exhibit a. Spherical, b. rod and c. spiral. They create asexually by fission and their growth phase is characterized by distinct phases2. Yeasts - These belong to the collection of microorganisms called fungi. These are classified on the basis of morphology, cultural, sexual and physiological characters. Based on their method of reproduction, on that point are two forms that are of importance in the food industry. a. Budding and spore forming yeasts These are also called as true yeasts and reproduce by producing sexual ascospores. b. Budding or Asexual yeasts These are also called paradoxical yeasts. 3. Molds - These also belong to the class of fungi and are multi-celled and filamentous, the filaments being referred to as hypha. These too can reproduce either sexually or asexually. The sexual reproduction normally happens in the unfavorable conditions by forming spores through and through the process of nuclear fission, whereas the asexual reproduction happens through either fragmentation or spore producti on in conidia.4. Viruses - These are intracellular parasites. They need to contact and invade an acceptable host cell to hold and replicate. Factors touch on growthAs enumerated by Banwart (102-144), in any food environment, some microbial species will survive and become dominant. Organisms that lack the ability to withstand stresses induced by unfavorable environment will succumb. The conditions that impress the metabolism and multiplication of microorganisms include the following1. Nutrients - These are required as source of energy and for tax deduction of cellular

The First Opium War 1 question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The First Opium War 1 question - Coursework ExampleThis paper explores the first opium contend and the role of the Western powers in spreading and controlling the use of opium in mainland China and other regions in the period.During the nineteenth century Great Britain take the Western powers in opening China to dole out and Christian proselytizing (Tyner, 2006, p. 25). The barter inequity between the two nations favored China. Britain bought enormous quantities of tea from China, but offered less woolens to the Chinese. This led the Chinese to require transactions to be settled in silver bullion. In a gaming to overturn the trade imbalance, Britain started merchandise opium into China. By 1817, Britain was trading opium for tea in order to offset their trade deficit with China. The Qing government initially permitted the importation of opium by Britain because it encouraged more export of tea from China to England, while creating an indirect tax for the Chinese citizens. Opium was grown in Indian cotton growing regions on a lower floor the control of British East India Company (Bengal), which traded opium for tea, in China (Ramirez-Faria, 2007). Britain began trading in opium in 1781 with their opium trade growing immensely between 1821 and 1837.The British facilitated the influx of opium in China and other regions by importing large quantities of the goodness to China. In 1834, Free Trade revolutionists ended the monopoly of the British East India Company, which shifted trade into the pass on of private merchants and entrepreneurs (Perdue, 2010). Americans brought in Turkish opium, which was of poor quality but cheaper. As such, there was price war leading to low price, but higher sales of opium. Consequently, the Chinese officials stepped in to intercept the transportation of the commodity into China (Tyner, 2006). In order to stop opium from flooding China, a Chinese officer, Lin Zexu, appointed in

Specific Applications of PR & PA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Specific Applications of PR & PA - Essay modellingThe essay takes a descriptive approach where societal factors as well as economical factors change the role of familiar affairs and public administration are discussed. macrocosm Relation has been recognized as one of the vital managerial functions of an memorial tablet. It is because of the fact that with effective Public Relations an organization benefits a push-down store like to say it helps to create a better image in the organization in measure of severe crisis through removing the mis run acrossing among the organization and their public, enables to provide sufficient information about the launching of their unused product or services, helps to overcome resistance, removes contradictory conditions between the organization and its public and lastly it helps to announce whatsoever unfavorable conditions is going to happen in the future (Theaker, 2001). The subject matter of the study is how a Public Relations plays an i mportant role in the context of social and economic. Before passing to the role, it is necessary to understand the concept of Public Relation. Public Relation is essentially a management function which involves monitoring and evaluating the attitudes of the public which include shareholders, government, consumers, employees and the media, through continuous communication with them so as to consecrate and maintain a common relationship and understanding between an them and the organization. In other words it can be told as a managerial function which assists in establishing and maintaining the mutual flow of communication, understanding, acceptance and cooperation between an organization and its publics through safekeeping in touching with the public, by calling a conference, working with press or through communication with the employees. Public Relation plays an important role in the organization in terms of social and economic context. In the context of social, the organization should be very careful in choosing the Public Relation applications. Because either organization stands in the society and has a responsibility to protect the interest of the society in general, so there arises the duty of organization to choose an effective Public Relation. The society comprising of people near to the connection must be aware of the policies or the product that is going to launch. If any decision is taken which may influence the society negatively ultimately it may affect the smooth running of the organization. So forwards going to execute any programs for communicating with the society it must evaluate or analyze purview of the society (Sriramesh, 2003). For this Public Relation should be an effective one. An effective Public Relation can establish and maintain a mutual relationship between the organization and its public. Such Public Relations helps the organization to know about the likely comment about the product and the organization.On other hand in the context of economic, there is no doubt that the adoption of Public Relation in the organization forget not be a waste to the organization. Instead of that it will provide so many economic benefits to the organization in terms of economic. That is with the effective Public Relation an organization can achieve the objectives at very low cost as compared to other promotional

Evolution of the Use of Wool and History of the Plow Term Paper

Evolution of the Use of fleece and History of the Plow - Term Paper ExampleThe husking of the plow also helped man in his activities such as farming.Science and technology has enhanced the improvisation of wool over the years thus keeping wool in the forefront of the rest of the fabrics. Wool has thus adapted to the modern standards in spite maintaining its previous features. It also takes a large eccentric in the history of Britain. During the cradle of humankind around 1900 BC, weaving of wool into cloth became the main action mechanism practiced. Domestication of sheep in the other areas started earlier (Lewis and John 1).Man soon realized that sheep produced milk and during the milking process, sheep cut down its fleece, which made its acquisition easy and woven into cloth. Man discovered the several benefits he got from the sheep and thus firm to domesticate and rear it. Soon after domesticating sheep, man devised a way of getting cloth from fleece.He invented weaving a nd spinning the fleece into clothing. Man continued with the production of wool until it reached time where wool became the major(ip) export (Lewis and John 13). With time, the wool industry expanded a great deal. Exporting of wool increase and so did the manufacturing of wool fabrics and thus it became localized and specialized. Countries such as East Anglia and districts of Pennine had soft water, which makes the fabric to a greater extent firm and compact surface.The Huguenot refugee weavers who sort refuge in France in the sixteenth century brought their weaving techniques with them and thus England surpassed Flanders in the wool manufacturing company and it stimulated the export rate. Introduction of machinery and mechanization in the industry of wool raised the standard of production of wool (Holsaert 105). This resulted into introduction of several other types of wool, which includes shape-Leeds, Bradford, Udders field, Halifax, and Wakefield.The sheep industry has greatly c hange magnitude in the world. The natural coat of the sheep needed

How Did Kurt Cobain Die Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How Did Kurt Cobain guide - Essay ExampleHis marriage to Courtney Love in 1992 was based partially on shared do drugs use, primarily heroin, and mostly on her unexpected pregnancy. Despite this, Cobain was reportedly happy for the first time he could remember and adored his daughter and his wife. He almost overdosed several times on drugs, with Love claiming both(prenominal) of these were self-destruction attempts, yet Cobain denied feeling suicidal and instead claimed that he was attempting to escape his wife. When his body was discovered on April 8, 1994, his close was control a suicide. A shotgun was found pointing at his chin, a poorly worded suicide note was left behind and his body contained a high dose of heroin and valium. Police ruled the death a suicide for these reasons, but further investigation revealed details suggesting he was murdered. Whether Cobains death was murder or suicide, it seems clear that the police did not do an adequate job in canvas the death.The fa cts of the case seem pretty straightforward. Kurt Cobain was found dead in his billet in Seattle, Washington on April 8, 1994 after having been reported missing from a drug rehab center for seven days. According to Smoking shooter reports (2008), the missing person report indicates police knew Cobain had returned to Seattle after leaving the California rehab facility, yet it seems no cardinal went to look for him at his house. It was also known that he had purchased a shotgun and was considered potentially suicidal. The first detectives to induce on the scene note that the body was discovered by an electrician who had arrived at Cobains home to install an alarm system. The body was discovered lying on the floor of a greenhouse find just above the detached garage of the home. The fire department had also responded to the call and forced their fashion into the room by breaking through the glass French doors at one end. This had the

Prejudice and Stereotyping in Society Essay Example for Free

Prejudice and Stereotyping in Society EssayStereotyping is a form of prejudice and is likewise the root of racism and discrimination. A stereotype usu every(prenominal)y applies to a hearty group of people who do something in a certain way. To them, it seems natural, but to some people its weird. Often, a name is given to the group, and to all(prenominal) individual. For example, nerd is the stereotype name for some genius who is usually a computer whizz and shadowert coquet sport very well. This however isnt always true, because some people atomic number 18 computer whizzes and alike entire at sports. But, if you saw someone who you didnt drive in come to school with disks and computer stuff, you would probably say, hes a nerd, or shes a nerd. The problem with that is that you atomic number 18 making a judgement of their personality with extinct actually knowing what they are like. Another real-life example is towards blonde haired people, women in s oftentimesicula r. One journalist went for a weekend with blonde hair, sooner than her usual brunette look, and noticed that no-one took her ideas seriously. Thats what stereotypes are all astir(predicate).When society has an exaggerated idea about a group of people, when you see someone who seems to fit the description you judge them as that stereotype. Some stereotypes are called labels, because its literally like a label stuck to you. Theres no harm in making that point, but labels gage also be a name for an individual. For example, if someone was cognise as Lazy- Bones, it means that they dont always do their part of the job, let the team down, and anything else that burn down be connected with creation lazy.That person now has two choices one is to actually live out their label and turn into a big lazy person, or they can fight back and prove that they arent lazy. Most stereotypes focus on the bad things about someones personality, or not necessarily bad, but more like an area that theyre not strong in. If someone gets labelled for something they bank do, it could have bad psychological effects on them. This is a way of bullying.Another way that stereotyping can have a bullying effect is when there is a social stereotype of how men or women, boys or girls are supposed to behave, and one individual doesnt fit the stereotype, people treat them like a weirdo. No-one really has to behave in a certain way and we are much too multifactorial to be neatly shelved under a few stupid labels, as if there are that a few types of people instead of many different ones. Another problem with stereotypes is when it affects a whole group of people, such as the 19th.Century Irish. Back then the Irish had a reputation of being heavy drinkers, lazy, unreliable, troublesome, violent, and dishonest people. This meant that most of them fitted those stereotypes. For those who didnt, the fact that the stereotype existed didnt shake off it any easier for them to get employment as opposed to say, an Italian, whos stereotype was(still is) hardworking, honest and reliable. The good Irelander might have fit the Italian stereotype, but as soon as the employee hears Irish they discard them.In light of the recent terrorism attacks in America, many people have become prejudiced towards Muslims, since the terrorist agency is believed to be Muslim. Fortunately, this situation hasnt become too out of hand because political leaders such as President Bush of the USA have do us realize that it wasnt caused by every single Muslim, but only a handful in comparison, and if anyone is to pay for it, it is the terrorists themselves. But what is it that makes us want to label, stereotype, and pre-judge?It is all part of an all important(predicate) process called Generalisation. Just about everyone has this ability to generalise. Generalising is an involuntary process that takes place in our minds. It is related to learning from ascertain and predicting the future. We can make a gener alisation about fire, that it burns and could kill you if you let it. We know this from seeing things like logs or paper burning up, or say, if you put your fingerbreadth into a flame and it burns your finger. Heat and pain. Now, from your experience with fire, you can say, fires are hot, and they hurt you.So when you see a fire, you know that you shouldnt touch it. Saying that fires are hot is a prejudice, but it isnt racist towards fires or bigotry. If we didnt have the ability to generalise, wed put our finger in the fire every time we see one because wed never learn that fires can kill or hurt you. As you can see here, generalisation is an invaluable survival tool. This akin principle can apply to people. If you told someone a secret, and they told everyone else, next time you have a secret, you know who not to tell.Racism is when you look at the way a certain culture/race/ pagan group do things differently to how your group might do them. This escalates to superiority, believ ing that your group is more important and better and more valuable than the other groups, and not accepting that they say, the your opinion doesnt count syndrome, commonly known as bigotry. The most visible example of bigotry in practice is probably in the geezerhood of slavery in the United States, and the apartheid in South Africa. In America, the black people were discriminated against, forced into slavery, crimson sold in auctions as slaves.In South Africa, the Afrikaners (white South Africans) passed laws that restricted what black people could do. The apartheid conception was to send the natives back into their part of Africa, even though they had been in South African territory ages out front the Afrikaners were even dreamed of. Bigotry is an often cruel practice but the people it affects more often than not find the strength to persevere with the oppressors, and eventually win in the end. In conclusion to all this we realize that making generalisations is important, but it is also abused to become racism, labelling, and bigotry.

Platos The Allegory of the Cave Essay Example for Free

Platos The apologue of the Cave EssayEven in this abridged version, Platos fable The Allegory of the Cave reflects the vast erudition of Plato, his teacher and the philosophers of his time. The storys meaning and lessons ar as signifi plundert today as they were then, and its inclusion in The commonwealth is well earned.The intentions of Plato in sharing this story seem to be fairly simple. As with solely of the whole kit that he included in The Republic, he is attempting to convey a pass that relates to judicature and leadership. I as well as be impositionve that this story conveys a message to, non just leaders, but peck in general. The message that is expressed by this work is that, A lie told often enough becomes the truth.(-Lenin), and when some(prenominal)one is convinced of this lie, the prevaricator can control them. This fable also tells us how, what some people believe to be existent may be in fact the exact opposite to truth, and that people moldiness always be open minded, just in case their beliefs be wrong.In the story, the prisoners are convinced that the shadows they see are alive, real and able to speak to them. In fact, however, they are being lied to by puppeteers. Beca engross they have seen this lie so many times, and because it is all that they have seen, for them, it has become the truth. As such, the puppeteers are able to control their lives, by speaking to these prisoners as the shadows. This lesson becomes quite relevant to todays society. It is portrayed in works such as The matrix and Animal Farm, where the characters are lied to, but because they hear the lie so often, they perceive it as truth. In reality, we find this message to also be evident in the forms of such things as propaganda, in which a message is repeated by so many times, that each person hears a relay from numerous sources.Eventually, because of the numerous sources and repetition of the message, it seems to them to become normal to hear and h ence believable. This of course relates to our leaders and government. If such administrations were to use methods like propaganda to convince the public that, for example, the stock market was free trade when in fact it was government controlled, then the government would be able to effectively control the flow of money, and hence peoples lives, without anyone being the wiser. In the sack, the ultimate message is that people are able to use lies to exploit others and so we moldiness all be wary.This then relates to the second message conveyed by the work. The piece tells us that the prisoners have extreme fuss in accepting the reality that the shadows they had seen werent real and how these prisoners would sort of return to the shadows over staying in the light. At the end of the story, when a prisoner who has seen the truth returns to tell others, it is implied and can be seen from the reactions of the freed prisoners, that those who still believe in the shadows would pick to k eep doing so.These parts of the story bring to mind two intertwined messages. The first is that, in general, all people have their own views and beliefs on life, and they are happier living under whatever delusions they have convinced themselves of, rather than considering contradictory beliefs. Essentially, for most people ignorance is bliss. Just like the prisoners who are freed from the cave and forced to see the real world, people fear the knowledge of something that might interfere or contradict the beliefs they rely upon. For the most part, they would lots rather go on not knowing, and turn from the light and long to return to the shadows.The second seems to be a warning to do the exact opposite of what has been stated above. The fact that the characters in the story, whose views are wrong, are prisoners is very symbolic. Not only are these people prisoners of the puppeteers, they are also prisoners of their own beliefs. Because they do not want to find out about what is real, they are condemned to believe in what is not. The piece warns us that we must not blindly follow our own beliefs, without continually viewing and considering other views that may be honest as well.If we do not always consider the ideas of others, we will essentially be trapped by our own adamant conviction in what we think is real. This lesson has become evident in countless cases passim history, where beliefs about a geocentric universe, a flat earth, etc. were all held to e true and the gate of the ideas we hold as true today was ridiculed and deemed ludicrous. Today, we believe that the galaxy is heliocentric and that the world is round, but we must always, at some point, question that which believe in.Through this simple story, we are able to see a seldom-realized aspect of human nature, in that many of us blindly follow what we are told, and consequently believe. We can relate deeply to the fable, because, like the prisoners, we as a whole prefer to not know some truths, be lieve some lies, and have difficulty accepting some realities. By the end of the work, we are left hand with new thoughts about the reality of our beliefs and faith and are encouraged to re-evaluate our paradigms.

Basic hygiene practices for food preparation and cooking Essay Example for Free

Basic hygiene practices for viands preparation and homework Essay every day people get demented from the forage they eat. Micro-organisms including bacteria, viruses and moulds found in forage fuck progress to regimen drunkenness, leading to a whole host of unpleasant symptoms, such as stomach pains, profligacy and vomiting. Food poisoning can some cartridge clips lead to gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and bowel), or more(prenominal) sincere health problems such as ocellus poisoning (septicaemia) and kidney failure. Any iodin can get nutrient poisoning just some people, including babies, children and older people, atomic number 18 more likely to stupefy serious symptoms. This is why this is lively as in the Seaview nursing home the residents are frail older people and several similarly are in poor general health.They are umteen basic hygiene practices for regimen preparation and pretending. This includesSurfacesEquipment shit by successionsFoo dCookingstoringSurfacesFood poisoning affects thousands of people e precise year and many of these cases go unreported. The exact numbers of cases of diet related illness t chapeau occur each year are unknown. This is because many people do not seek the help of their doctor when their doctor when they develop symptoms. Food poisoning can be extremely dangerously especi every last(predicate)y for the very young, older service users and those who are ill or infirm. It is therefore historic that care make forers actions do not growth this problem. To prevent contaminant of food it is necessary to follow recognised hygiene procedures to make sure that take a chances are kept to a minimum. make showy and disinfection chemicals are available to maintain the correct standards of cleanliness. Usually these chemicals are added to water to make a cleansing solution. nigh come ready to use in spray or aerosol bottles for convenience. Substances utilize for cleanup position food pre paration areas fall into three categoriesDetergents are chemicals that permit for dissolve grease and assist the remotion of food detritus and dirt. Detergents do not kill bacteria.Disinfectants are chemicals designed to destroy bacteria and compress them to a safe level. However disinfectants are not good at removing grease and dirts. Disinfectants befool a very strong smell and have the potential to taints foods and if in contact with surfaces that food is prompt on extra care should be taken in rinsing with hot (above 82C) water.Sanitizers are a compounding of both detergents and disinfectants and are designed to kill bacteria and hire dirt and grease at the same time.image00.pngimage00.pngDisinfection can also be carried effectively using heat i.e. using hot water (above 82C). Chemicals can be used in addition to this process however are less effective where hot water is not available or a preliminary clean had not been carried out.The combination of the above chemic als and very hot water provide an effective vogue of salvageing surfaces clean. Any work surfaces that is used for food preparation must be strong, durable, easily cleaned, resistance to stain or to engrossing liquids and not easily damaged.In professional food areas stainless steel tables are used for food preparation activities. They are usually on wheels which have brakes so that they can be move easily which allows for ease of cleaning. It is vital that work surfaces are kept clean and bacteria free. The clean as you go method should be used. This means that all equipment and surfaces should be cleaned as soon as they have been used.This describes cleaning that is carried out as soon as the mess is created, the aim of this is to prevent cross contamination and to keep work areas clean and tidy. Examples of this might be Washing and sanitising of a chopping board straight after use and Cleaning up a floor spillage immediately after it has happened. Any spills should also be m opped up immediately they occur. Work surfaces should be left clean and clear when work has finished.The 5 stages of cleaning work areRemove food particles and spillages using a suitable damp fabricUse a hot water and detergent solution to remove any grease and debrisRinse thoroughly with very hot water (82C)Use a suitable disinfectant to overcome bacteria to a safe levelFinal rinse with hot water and dry using paper towels (or allow to air dry)EquipmentOnly clean equipment if you have been trained to do so. This is especially important where the equipment has sharp cutting surfaces and or moving parts that are run by electricity. Care should be also taken with equipment that is hot or generates a lot of heat, for example cookers and deep fat fryersWhen information has been done some basic steps should be followed when cleaning equipment. The basic steps are disconnection the equipment from the power sourceTake extra care when removing any bladesRemove all waste foodThoroughly wa sh and sanitize all partsReassemble the equipment taking care to fit all components correctly in case they fly off during useSanitize again those parts that will come into contact with foodEnsure that all safety guards are refitted correctly.All former(a) picayune items of equipment like pots, pans, cutlery, plates and glassware can be cleaned in the usual way. This may either be in a dishwasher or by hand using detergent and hot water.Sell by datesPerishable is foods that are likely to go off quickly. They normally have a sell by and use by date on them. Selling food after its sell by date is an offence. The food can be used up to and including the use by date. For an example a cartonful of milk may have a sell by date till the 14th blemish and the use by date may be the 16th march. The milk can be used on the 16th and before but not after. Most other foods have a exceed before day this indicates the month up to which it will be in its best condition for eating.Some foods dont have to require a date for example fresh fruits vegetables and amount from the butcher.FoodIt is vital that certain precautions are taken when providing food for service users. Washing of the pass on is vital so hands must be washedBefore entering a food areaAfter using the lavatoryBetween handling different types of food such as raw meat an cookedBefore and after touching foodsAfter spit up into the hands or using a handkerchiefAfter touching face and hairAfter carrying out cleaning or handling rubbishIt is essential that this is done because many bacteria live on the surface of the skin. umteen of these are harmless however some can cause illness. Bacteria can be acquired from other sources and can contaminate food. Handling raw mean and poultry and then handling cooked meat is very dangerous unless hands are thoroughly washed in among.Touching the nose or coughing and sneezing over food or preparation areas should be avoided. This is because personal cleanliness is essentia l or bacteria will be transferred to the food. alike avoid touching the food with hands and glove wearable or using of the tong when possible is a good thing to do. This is because the less hands are in prepare contact with food, the less chance there is of contamination. Touching dishes or cutlery that is to come into contact with food should also be avoided. This is because this cuts down the transfer of bacteria.Keeping the hair covered with either a hat or net and not combing hair in the food area should also be done as hair and scalp can carry bacteria that can fall into the food. Also keeping cuts and grazes covered with brightly coloured stuffing as wounds are infected with bacteria and if the dressing comes off it can be easily found.Not smoking in the food areas is vital as it is against the law and can contaminate food. Also when ill food handling should not be done. This is vital because a person who is ill can infect food. Another thing that should be done is wearing clean protective clothing as there are fewer bacteria on clean clothes.CookingHeat kills bacteria and this is why food must be cooked thoroughly. Cooking food at temperatures over 70C will kill off any bacteria. If food isnt cooked at a high enough temperature, bacteria can still survive. Take special care that you cook meat all the way through. Unless youre cooking steak or lamb and beef joints rare, it shouldnt be bump in the middle. Use a clean skewer to pierce the meat. If its cooked properly, the juices will run clear. If youre cooking meat so its rare, make sure that its properly sealed (browned) on the outside. Large pieces of meat take longer to heat up to the centre. The need for sufficiently high temperatures attain the centre is very important. always re-heat pre-cooked food thoroughly and only do so once. When cooking food in the microwave, stir it well from time to time to ensure that its evenly cooked all the way through.It is bad practice to mix previously cooked f ood with newly cooked food. Topping up soup lowers the temperature and increases the risk of bacteria growing. It is much safer to make up food in smaller quantises as and when it is needed. Eggs can carry salmonella, so to safeguard service users, eggs should be cooked for around seven minutes at 70C. High risks foods such as eggs and chicken that are eaten immediately after cooking are safe providing the temperature is high enough. If there is going to be a gap in time between the foods being cooked and being eaten, it must be kept hot. Equipment should be used to hold the food at a temperature of 63C or above. This is could be a heated tray, trolley or service counter.When using this type of equipment heat the equipment to at least 63C before committal the food, ensure the food is already fully cooked and at a minimum temperature of 63C and neer use the equipment to heat up cold or partially heated food.Reheating food can increase the risk of food poisoning. Some food handlers often make the mistake of thinking that because food has already been cooked it is free of bacteria. They believe that is only needs warming up. If it happens, bacteria had ideal conditions for growth for example food, heating system and liquid.Guidelines for food that needs reheating is as followsDont get the food out of the icebox likewise soon and leave it lying it aroundHandle as little as possible and keep it coveredDivide larger items into smaller portions where possibleHeat the food to at least 70C as its coreServe quickly following reheatingNever reheat cooked food more than onceIf reheating ready-made meals from a shop, follow the manufactures instructions in addition to the above advice.StoringIf you dont follow the storage guidelines that come with your food, you could be letting yourself in for real problems. Storing food in the ill-timed locating or at the wrong temperature can lead to the growth of bacteria. This means that even one piece of food left out for a co uple of hours can contain millions of bacteria as bacteria flourish at body temperature which is 37C. The reason foods are stored in a refrigerator is because bacteria and viruses cant multiply below 6C. The correct temperature for a refrigerator is between zero and 5C. Chilled foods should be put away quickly but dont herd the refrigerator as it raises the temperature.With cooked food, let steam evaporate first before covering and placing in the refrigerator. Always keep the refrigerator clean by washing the inside surfaces with warm soapy water. Never thaw then refreeze food. To slowly defrost, take the dish out of the freezer and leave it in the refrigerator overnight rather than on the counter top. Place meats on a plate on the bottom shelf. When defrosting with the microwave, cook the dish immediately. Never freeze food that has gone beyond its use by date and remove old food regularly.Keeping the refrigerator at the right temperature helps prevent bacteria from multiplying. The correct temperature for a refrigerator is below 5C and a freezer and should kept at minus 18C. Check both the refrigerator and freezer regularly with a reliable thermometer. To maintain a unremitting temperature, keep the door shut whenever possible.When storing food in a fridgeDont allow the juice from the raw meat, fish and poultry to spill or drip onto any other foods. correct fruit and vegetables items into the salad drawerKeep milk and fruit juices on the bottom bosom in the doorPlace dairy products , dressings, spreads, sauces, cream and convince foods on the centre and top shelves livestock raw meat, fish and poultry on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. this prevents cross contamination as the blood as the other liquids from the meat and fish cannot drip down onto other foodsCooked foods should be kept on the top shelves of the refrigeratorMayonnaise and ketchup should be kept in the refrigerator after enterpriseNever place food in an open tin in the refrigerator. Use secure containers sooner and throw the food out after two or three daysKeep seafood either in the refrigerator or in the freezer until you are ready to prepare itCross contamination occurs when food is put in contact with other contaminated foods. An example of this could be the blood from a piece of chicken dripping onto a plate of cooked food. Cross contamination means that the bacteria or other pathogens have been transferred from an infected food item. They either become infected or contaminated.If food looks or smells in any way, throw it out. A sure sign of spoilage is mould. Most mouldy foods should be binned along with leaking cartons and food which has gone past its use by date.Most frozen foods should be throw out after three to six months. When storing food in the freezer, remove it from the wrapping and place it in a labelled and dated freezer base of operations. Remember to expel all the air from the bag before sealing it.If a power cut has occurred then foods t hat have started to defrost should be thrown and twisted out. If the power comes back on and if there is any doubt about which foods have defrosted and refrozen, the food should be thrown away.Food that does not need keeping cold should be kept in a sealed container in a cool dry cupboard or larder. It should never be stored on the floor. Vegetables can normally be kept in a cool, dry place in leisurely bags or racks but not in plastic bags. This makes them sweat and rot quicker.

Poetry Essay Essay Example for Free

song Essay EssayPoetry is an imaginative sensation of experience expressed through meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices so as to evoke an emotional response. Poetry has been hunch overn to employ meter and rhyme, that this is by no means necessary. Poetry is an ancient comprise that has gone through numerous and drastic rein handoution over time.The very nature of poetry as an certain and individual mode of expression makes it nearly impossible to define. Poetry is sometimes hard to understand but other times its as easy as one, two, and three. Sometimes people turn to poetry to vent their feelings, to tell their high school sweetheart they still love them, to get over grief and and so forth Poetry can be inspirational and motivating. Poetry can be anything you want it to be.The eyepatch of note by Frank Outlaw tells us that we should be careful about what we do and to choose sagely what we act on. mavin of the poetic devices in this song is assonance. Asson ance is the repetition of vowel sounds.The vowel sounds tell in this rime are A, E, I, O and U. Another poetic device found in this song is imagery. Imagery is words or phrases that appeal to the senses. The poem is titled Watch, so I believe therefore, memorize would be considered as imagery. This poem appeals to me because I agree that we should watch what we do, forrader we do that particular thing.The plot of The Greatest Artist by Udiah tells us that God is one of a kind and can grow the most better-looking things in this world. It also tells us that only God can create the beautiful things on this Earth. The sky is Gods canvas to a beautiful masterpiece. It also states that whenever we are sad, he puts a grimace across our face to let us know Hes there.One poetic device in this poem is rhyme. Rhyme is the similarity of ending sounds exsisting between two words. Some of the rhyming words are correspond and air, above and glove, fair and there. Another poetic device is metaphor. Metaphor is the comparison between two objects with the heading of giving clearer meaning to one of them. One of the metaphors in this poem is God is the greatest artist. This poem appeals to me because I agree that God is the one and only who can create the most unique things and we always know hes watching us with open eyes.The plot of Before You by William Arthur Ward tells us that we should think before we do. It also tells us that we should learn from different situations. Another thing it teaches is that we should use patience before expressing our thoughts.One of the poetic devices in this poem is repetition. Repetition is the repeating of words or phrases. The repetition in this poem is before you. Another poetic device is assonance. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. The vowel sounds repeated in this poem are A, E, I, O and U. This poem appeals to me because I agree that we should think before we act.I practice this poetry book to my mom. I included ce rtain poems because poetry has such a special meaning for a special person. She is a true genuine person with a great attitude towards life. Who expresses emotions deep through words. I included certain poems because of the motivation and inspiration they have. Im most inspired by Adele, Adele is a famous London singer, who expresses music through her heartfelt experiences.

Preventing Caregiver Abuse Essay Example for Free

Preventing phencyclidine hydrochloride Abuse EssayThe term sustenancegiver is used to hint to an individual who assists another who cannot act freely collectable to certain chronic conditions. There are deuce main types of sharegivers the informal caregivers are family members or sympathetic friends who care for impaired older people brisk at home. The formal caregivers, on the other hand, are hired or volunteer workers who are connected either with the health care systems or social service agencies.The tasks associated with caregiving are grouped under two categories, namely the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). Included under ADLs are activities desire getting in or out of bed, taking a bath, getting dressed, and the general toilet use. IADLs, on the other hand, may include meal preparation, general household chores, grocery shopping, and the management of the care telephone receivers medication (Nerenberg, 2002 ).Studies have shown that the greatest negative consequence to caregiving is stress which is believed caused by fatigue due to lack of sleep, improper nutrition, and lack of exercise. Stress is also believed caused by the burden being experienced by caregivers. This burden increases as the level of disability of the care receiver increases, thereby needing a greater close of care. more or less quarters suspect that stress is one of the main reasons for caregivers to go over the edge and hence abuse their patients (Nerenberg, 2002). For others, however, stress is not a cause but merely an aggravating factor.Abuse, which does not whole mean physical injury but also includes mental anguish, unreasonable confinement, sexual abuse or exploitation, or financial exploitation of defenseless older people, are believed by some to be caused by factors like the caregivers frustration, sense of isolation, insufficient support from the community, behavior of the care receiver, and the natur e of his or her daily tasks (Bratteli, 2003). Bratteli (2003) offered some(prenominal) legal remedies which are expected to prevent caregiver abuse in care facilities, namely The care receiver should accomplish a Financial Power of Attorney, a legal entry which would appoint his or her attorney-in-fact who will attend to his or her financial matters. This is usually a trusted sexual relation or friend, the appointment of whom will prevent financial exploitation especially when the care receiver is staying in an institution. Accomplishment of a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care. This is another legal document which appoints an means who will decide for the care receiver on matters of healthcare.It contains the care receivers preferred manner of treatment and would prevent neglect on the part of the caregiver in an institution. Nerenberg (2002), on the other hand, pointed to some techniques and services which are now available which could reduce the risk of abuse on the part of caregivers who care for older people at home. According to her, these techniques and services were specifically developed in golf club to tally the needs of caregivers in terms of assistance and support. One of these is a program aimed at providing relief.Under this program, employees or volunteer workers visit the patient at home and spend several hours with him or her in order to allow the caregiver to have some rest. Other programs arrange for the care receiver to stay for several days in a care facility to allow the caregiver to enjoy an extended break. Some support services take the form of friendly visits and reassuring telephone calls to address the feeling of isolation by providing social contact and emotional support. These practices also relieve the anxiety being felt by the caregiver.Finally, caregivers should also be provided with informative materials which would teach them the techniques for reducing stress like exercise and proper feed (Nerenberg, 2002).Re ferences Bratteli, M. (2003). CAREGIVER ABUSE, NEGLECT AND EXPLOITATION The Journey Through Caregiving. North Dakota Family Caregiver Project, North Dakota State University. Nerenberg, L. (2002). Caregiver Stress and Elder Abuse. National Center on Elder Abuse. Retrieved April 17, 2008 from http//www. ncea. aoa. gov/NCEAroot/Main_Site/pdf/family/caregiver. pdf

Use of Alcohol (Halal Issue) Essay Example for Free

Use of inebriant (Halal Issue) EssayA controversial issue of Halal is the presence of alcohol in food and beverage. Traditionally, consumers and Muslim jurists have identified alcohol as a substance that is Haram for consumption, whilst the process of fermentation is perceived as an unethical process as it produces intoxicants.Since alcohol exists in small quantities in Halal food products, consumers are unsure of its legal values and whether it can be consumed. However, food producer claims that the fermentation processes itself are non unethical. In fact, the processes are essential in major industrial applications especially food processing and flavouring. intoxicant is pervasive in the food industry in its indispensable role as food soluble, flavoring and preservatives. These distinctive features of alcohol as solvent agents are also extensively applied in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, drugs and antibiotics, and early(a) industrial applications. The total value of the app lication of alcohol in these industries is in the billions of dollars considering that just in the cottony drink sector alone, for example, Coca Cola reported sales of USD22billion in its 2004 annual report.(Alcohol is used as solvent in this industry).Alcohol occurs as a result of the processes of fermentation and in industrial applications, fermentation has proven to be an economically and commercially viable mode to produce alcohol. The type of alcohol that is normally extracted through this process for the food industry is known as ethanol, which in its purest form would be calumnious for consumption. Thus, ethanol is always mixed with other substances to render it safe for consumption.

Introduction into Tesco Essay Example for Free

Introduction into Tesco renderTescos main headquarters may be based in Hertfordshire but Tescos have hundreds of shops all near the United Kingdom. In the year of 1997 Tescos had 586 stack aways around the country and had an annual proceeds of i 760m. 2 long time later Tescos had change magnitude its make out of stores around the country to 639 with that move came a greater profit as it rose to i 919m. in 2001 Tescos profit rose once more and so did its stores its annual profit for the year was i 1,100m it store count was now up to 692. Tescos advances many types of stores including Tesco Metro, a put-of-town store, Tesco express, this store has a petrol station combined with a retail site, and most recently Tescos extra, this is a sassy ideal and offers more verity to shopping, Tescos extra offers a wider range of products all this is available over 100,000 square feet of retail space. It sells many things including groceries, all types of foods, cloths and nursing h ome electrical accessories Tescos purpose is to provide top quality service through with(predicate) selling its productsNewport has two stores, which can be found on Cardiff road and Newport Retail Park, spytty. Type of possession The type of ownership my first family has is public hold in company (PLC). This means that the company is of a large size and employs 1000s of employees, a likely reason behind this running of the company is that it offers the security of limited liability, due to the advantages of having shares on the stock exchange. Any one over the age of 18 can obtain shares on the stock exchange, these shares bring in greater capital to the business.The company is run and owned by its shareholders, the public. The shareholders are able to employ last quality managers and directors meaning the running of the company are of high standard If the company went bankrupt then the owners would not be liable for its debts, this is because the company is PLC, and therefor it is saved by limited liability. This means that the company has its own legal identity and its owners are not liable for its debts, however they would lose the money that they put in at the beginning. Introduction Tesco Company History retire from history Tesco is one of Britains leading food retailers and has 586 stores though out Great Britain. From 1992 Tesco has grown greatly and has increased its market share from 10. 4% to 15. 2%. This increse in customers has also given Tesco a large amount of profit. Tesco has 164,500 shareholders. Tescos profit is about 505 million pounds after the tax has been deducted about 50%of this is then distributed to the shareholders as dividends. The outride roughly 250 million pounds is held back for investment in stores and improving services for the customers.The average shareholder holds between one and one thousand shares, but also banks, pension funds and building sercertys, hold a large amount of shares. Tescos share termss have risen since February 1997 when it was 349p to 586p on the 21st April 1998. The shares have peaked a high price of 603p. With this growth Tescos is now the largest super market chain. How Did Tesco actually take down? Tesco was founded in 1924 by Sir Jack Cohen. He used his gratuity for his Army service in the World War to start selling groceries in Londons East End markets in 1919.The steel name Tesco first appeared on packets of afternoon tea leaf in the 1920s. The name was based on the initials of T. E Stockwell, a partner in the firm of tea suppliers, and the first two letters of Cohen. The business grew and in 1947 Tesco Stores (Holdings) Ltd was floated on the stock exchange, with a share price of 25p. The price at the start of March 2001 the price raised to around 260p. When did the first Tesco self-service store open? Self-service supermarkets started in the USA in the 1930s during the depression.By selling a wider categorisation and larger volume of stock and employing fewer staff they cold offer lower prices to the public. Jack Cohen unfastened the first Tesco store in St Albans in 1948. When did Tesco open its first supermarket? In 1956 the first Tesco self-service supermarket was candid in a converted cinema in Maldon. By the early 1960s Tesco was a household name, as well as selling groceries, the stores sold fresh food, clothing and household goods. The Tesco store which unresolved in Leicester 1961 had 16,500 square feet of space and went into the Guinness Book of records as the largest store in Europe.By buying good deal and keeping costs down, Tesco should have been able to sell at very competitive prices to its customers. Until 1964 however suppliers were, by law, able to insist that retailers charged at a set price for their products (Retail Price Maintenance). The intention was to cheer small shops against the lower prices that big retailers could offer their customers. How did Tesco deal with the law on Resale Price Maintenance? Tesco i ntroduced trading stamps so that it could bring lower prices to customers. Customers collected stamps as they purchased their groceries and other items.When they had collected enough stamps to fill a book, they could exchange the book for cash or other gifts. Other retailers soon copied Tesco. Sir Jack was one of the leadership in pursuing parliament to abolish Resale Price Management in 1964. After this Tesco continued to offer trading stamps until 1977. How did the company grow in the 1960s? Apart from opening its new stores, Tesco bought existing custody of stores. In 1960it took over a chain of 212 stores in the north of England and added another 144 stores in 1964 and 1965. In 1968 the Victor Value chain became part of the company.When was the first superstore candid? Tesco introduced the concept of a superstore in 1967 when it opened a 90,000 square feet store in Westbury, Wiltshire. The term superstore was first actually used when Tesco opened its store in Crawley, West S ussex in 1968. How did Tesco change its image? By 1970 Tesco was a household name. The slogan chew it high and sell it cheap was the title of Sir Jack Cohens autobiography. But as people were becoming cave in off, they were looking for more luxurious items as well as everyday household and food products.In the late 1970s the company decided to broaden its customer base and make its stores more mesmeric to a wider range of customers. Many of the older high street stores were closed and the company concentrated on developing bigger out-of-town superstores. Tesco finally stopped giving out trading stamps in 1977 at the same time as introducing a price cutting campaign under the banner balk at Tesco which proved to be a major success. How did Tesco maintain its growth in the mid-eighties? During the 1980s Tesco continued to build new superstores, opening its 100th in 1985.In 1987 it announced a i 500 million programme to build another 29 stores. By 1991, the popularity of Tesco Pet rol filling place at its superstores had made the company Britains biggest independent petrol retailer. In 1985 Tesco introduced its Healthy Eating initiative. Its own brand products carried nutritional advice and many were branded with the Healthy Eating symbol. By 1990 Tesco was a very different company from what it was 20 years before. The Tesco superstore offered customers free parking as well as cheap groceries and a lovely shopping environment.In 1992, it opened the first Tesco Metro, a city centre store meeting the of necessity of workers, high street shoppers and the local community. This was followed by Tesco Express, combining a petrol filling station with a local convenience store to give local communities more choice in their shopping. Tesco broke new ground in food retailing by introducing, in 1995, the first customer loyalty card, which rewarded mending shoppers whilst helping the company discover more about its customers needs.

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of youth justice policies in England and Wales since 1997 Essay Example for Free

gauge the military pushs and helplessnesses of younker justice policies in England and Wales since 1997 EssayIntroductionWhen get took office in 1997 they cl manoeuvered that they would be forged on abomination and the causes of crime. The frontmost 6 months were unprecedented, with six consultation documents being released on c all toldowness and crime each containing its profess proposals these were first published in Tackling young offensive, Reforming Youth justness (Labour 1996). To start this endeavor I entrust first discuss Labours 1997 White Paper, No more excuses A new get to tackling young person crime in England and Wales, where policy was laid out and wherefore later legislated in The crime and Dis cast Act 1998. From this I pass on evaluate the flunkes and strengths of the various elements of this policy which will include the aims of the youth justice system. Then in the second part move to evaluate the abolition of the doli incapax, the s tamping ground assure and p arnting allege.Thirdly I will evaluate the small fry safety install, local anaesthetic anesthetic child curfew, lowest sample scheme, action curriculum found. The fourth part will be an evaluation of the detention and planning order and new arrangements for correspond dawdles of 12-16 year olds. And lowestly the establishment of the Youth legal expert Board for England and Wales, Youth offend Teams and the duties of the local authorities and former(a) agencies to found sure the availability of the appropriate youth justice services. And consequently finally bring all my findings together to produce a clear and comprehensive conclusion which I believe has many strengths and whatever weaknesses.The Labour presidencys 1997 White paper, No more excuses A new woo to tackling youth crime in England and Wales is a document which sets out labours programme of reform for the youth justice system in England and Wales, it aims are a clear stra tegy to prevent pique and re-pique, that offenders, and their parents, face up to their pique behaviour and manage business for it, in front, more effective intervention when unfledged citizenry first offend, faster, more efficient procedures from arrest to objurgate, partnership between all youth justice agencies to deliver a better, faster system star sign state of affairs (1997).According to the hearthstone Office (1997) the aim of the youth justice system is to prevent offending by young people. And the nuisance and Disorder Bill has in it a requirement that it is the commerce of all people working in the youth justice system to instigate these. The requirement covers all the youth justice agencies in England and Wales manage the constabulary, social services the probation services and others working in the Youth Offending Teams, the Crown prosecution service, defence solicitors, the prison services and courts and the way they potty with young adults. The claim is that this will provide unity between them all and that everyone is striving for the same purpose.The government will too complement this with a new proposal for a new Youth Justice Board for England and Wales who will give advice on how to set standardizeds and how to monitor execution. withal this will not take over or supersede practitioners previous roles, besides will shop them to lowstand their actions and choices when they deal with young people this can help to forego offending and can prevent avoidable delays such as the chances of offending when awaiting sentence can be reduced, also making young people responsible for their own behaviours which can help youths project and change their behaviours. Also union and tutelar penalties whose priorities are on the causes of offending which can be enforced can help. This duty that has been stated is a clear strength manner of speaking the various agencies and services in the same line and having one clear aim of wha t the task onwards is this also eliminates any confusion that might support existed.The government according to the Home Office (1997) proposes that an aim of youth justice system and the duty discussed previously and their practitioners would be supported by more complete, non statutory objectives for these agencies. These would support the proposals made by Jack Straws Youth Justice proletariat Force which is a garland of people and groups that have a high knowledge of the system and have now issues of victims and representatives of the governmental departments.The Task Force stated their recommendations for preventing offending which were, a speedy administration of justice so that the accused librate can be sorted out quickly, confronting offenders with the consequences of their actions, for themselves their families, victims and their communities. Punishment which reflects the seriousness and the persistence of the offending. Also to support reparation to victims by the of fenders and to streng wherefore the responsibilities of parents and to help offenders to fix their problems and to build a sense of the personal self. This is also strength as all involved have a good knowledge of the problems and the system and would be a good resource to the system to have. And also what the Task Force has recommended is also a good touchstone forward as it is these that have stopped the system from being efficient.Moving onto the abolition of the doli incapax the reparation order and parenting order. The doli incapax according to Muncie (2009275) In England and Wales, children fewer than 10 could not be found guilty of a abominable offence, and the law for many years believed that those low 14 were incapable of condemnable intent. But during the 1990s the doli incapax, which had been in the law since the 14th century, was being challenged by both the right and the left. This was delinquent to the Bulger case, the policy was mold under review by the conserv atives after the 1994 High Court ruling. Three years later it was abolished in the Crime and Disorder Act, the reasons disposed for this were so that they could convict young offenders who wreaked havoc on communities this was based on the accompaniment that they believed that 10 and 13 year olds could capable of knowing between right and wrong.This was against what the UN had recommended for The UK which they had made in 1995 then 2002 to come in line with the rest of Europe provided the government went totally in the other direction. They gave no direction to the courts and to the youth offending teams that overall child welfare is the main consideration. This is a weakness as it infringes what Labour had said in there White Paper, and the fact that the YOTs would be confused with conflicting policies. This legislation manages not to take the childs age into consideration and this can be seen just by smell at the rest of Europe are the children in the UK not the same.The rep aration order is for young adults to understand the cost of their actions and to take responsibility for them. What is asked is that they repair the damage caused directly to the victim through mediation if they both agree or to the association indirectly cleaning up graffiti and other tasks around the companionship. This would be managed by the YOT, this can be a real strength in the rehabilitation process self-aggrandizing something back to the victims and the community and being able to see the damage they have caused helping to change their lives around.Also the parenting order which has been stated by the Home Office (1997) to be created so that it can give support to parents so they can control their children. The order requires parents attend a counselling or guidance school term once a week for 3 months and if the courts think that it is needed then a requirement to collect sure that children attend school and to see that they get central office on a certain age. This is also a strength as it forces parents to be responsible as some parents let their children do what they deficiency to and so this is a good way of making parents act so that they can help their children from offending. straight off moving onto the child safety order, which according to the Home Office (1997) has been developed to safeguard children who are under ten where there is risk that these children will be involved in crime or signs of anti social behaviour can be seen. This could be available to local authorities in the family accomplishment court. A court would be able to make a child stay at home at a certain time or ban them from going to certain places. They could also stop certain behaviours like truanting this could also be combined with a parenting order.And if these are not obeyed then the local authority can start proceedings. The strength of this is a the combination of the two orders as it can be most effective this way by handing responsibility 2 both parent and child big(a) maximum results. Then there is the Local child curfew which is for the Childs own good and to stop neighbourhood crime and rowdiness and states that children should not be out without surveillance at night. This can be used by the local authorities and police simply they would have to get permission from the Home secretary. Also the council could then bar children under 10 from certain public places after certain times. These can last for up to 90 days and if these are to be extended then police and local community. The strength of this is that it involves the local community so determining whats best for the members of their own community.Then there is the final warning where the Home Office (1997) has replaced the cautioning with a statuary police reprimand, what happens is that the police can decide to reprimand a child and give them a final warning or to bring criminal charges to the offender. What then happens is a community intervention programme is force d which makes the offender and his family address the causes this behaviour which can help solve the problem. What the final warning entails is that the first offence the offender can receive a reprimand by the police if the crime is not that serious and if it carries on then a another final warning or criminal charges can be pressed.But on no grounds must 2 final warnings be tending(p). The strength of this is that it lets the offender know that they will be strict and will not posture up with it again a final warning is a final warning. Also an action plan order which is like a community penalty for young offenders, this is a small, rigorous programme where community intervention is used combined with punishment and rehabilitation so that the offenders behaviour can be changed and more crime can be stopped. The strength in this lies in the way that it uses various methods simultaneously like community intervention, punishment and rehabilitation which can except change magnitud e the chances of success.Moving onto and new arrangements for secure remands of 12-16 year olds. The Home office (1997) state that the government should have undeniable powers to remand to secure accommodation. For young people who are of the age 10-16 and are awaiting trial. And so The Criminal Justice Act 1991 and the Criminal Justice and globe Order Act 1994 include in its provisions to amend the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 which was to allow courts to remand 12-16 years olds directly to secure local authority accommodation with certain conditions.But this was not put into operation. The conservatives had started a building programme which was for 170 new local authority secure places, there climax date was 1998. But Labour said that these would be not enough. And so declared to use the Crime and Disorder Bill to implement court ordered remand power on some groups of youths. anteriority would be gives to 12-14s then girls of the age 15 and 16 and also boys of that age when places become available. This is due to courts believe that these children are vulnerable and they are emotionally and physically immature and so there is a hazard that they could harm themselves, this is also strength as it recognises that they are still young nevertheless this also does contradict other policies in this White Paper which it does on many levels.Also detention and training orders, these will give powers the Home Office (1997) states can be used for 10-17 year olds and courts can use these only if it is a very serious crime and if they are persistent offenders and the court believes it is needed to protect the public. This will also added to 10-11 year olds but would only be permitted by parliament if seen to be needed. The length of the sentence will be divided, half of it will be in custody and half in community supervision and this also could be adjusted if good behaviour is seen. This is a good as it does not just impose a detention where by this can moll ify the youth and in some cases lead to make headway crimes but with the community supervision would let the offender know that they have been given a chance to mend their ways.Then Maguire, Morgan and Reiner (2002560) discuss Labours new youth justice which is the forming of the Youth Justice Board (YJB) and the Youth offending Teams (YOTs) and also what takes place through this legislation is a restructure of non custodial penalties in the youth court. So considering Labours main aim of having a youth justice system which prevents offending by children and young adults, the way labour went about this is to impose order from the centre. There tools to enable this was a catalogue of legislations, also the then Home secretary Jack Straw formed a youth justice task force the aim of this was to keep a tight link with all the other agencies involved with young offenders. Due to the section 41 of the Crime Disorder Act the YJB had turned into a non departmental public body which was the n sponsored by the Home Office.The job of the YJB was to monitor the get awayning of the youth justice system and the provision of the youth justice services and also the national standards and establishing the right performance measures. What also the 1998 Act made possible was for the home secretary to give the board more powers which included the YJB becoming the commissioning body of all the placements that are under 18 in a secure facility on remand or have a sentence from the courts. The YJB was also given control over commissioning places including prison services YOTs, secure training centres (STCs) and local authority secure units. This is also strength as it brings together all the agencies under one roof you could say and so the aims are understood by all and are the same this can only help.This brings me to managerialism, the reason the YJB and the YOTs were set up in the first place was because according to Muncie (2009297) investigations from the Public Accounts Commi ttee, Audit commission and the National Audit Office recommended and supported subjugating professional skills independent managerial ideals of what works, which could attach certain resources to credible and successful outcomes and which could initiate responsibility to law and order from a central state to a sequence of semi independent local partnerships which will include privatized bodies and voluntary agencies.Words such as individual need, rehabilitation, reformation, penal purpose and due process are replaced by techniques of classification and actuarialism, risk assessment and resource management changes all the earlier understanding of law and order from understanding motivations of crime to making crime bearable through cosmopolitan coordination. This is a total difference from earlier ways and managerial system is thought to lower the standard or expectations of what a government can achieve in the youth justice system. This to me is a weakness as it is being run like a business which always has its priorities in cost and reduction, but also I can see strengths to as it can be more efficiently run with professionals running it with the right knowledge.The Act also contained anti social behaviour orders. Muncie (2009317) explains that they are usually insinuate to a variety of things such as youths that hang out causing trouble making a nuisance of them and to their neighbours, making noise, vandalising property, littering, and causing graffiti to public property and drunkenness. This has been a priority in England and Wales, the mark to New Labour was to strengthen the ability of the criminal justice system so they could treat disorder and the lack of respect but serious crimes too as it was clear that disorder was rising and was bear upon neighbourhoods and also that it was a sign of times to come more serious crimes.The police and courts were said to be powerless against the nuisance and the anti social behaviour that was being caused and t hat this was being mixed in with impunity. abet at the centre was a program and wish not just to reduce crime and disorder, but to encourage a process of civil renewal and civic responsibility. Third the broken windows theory was taken aboard a it was believed that a failure to accept zero tolerance policing of lesser serious offending and signs of disorder could only further destroy already deprived and marginalized communities.The Anti social behaviour order (ASBO) was the flagship of New Labour in their 1998 Crime and Disorder Act. Muncie (2009318) explains that this is a civil not a criminal order and can be given by the police and local authority to anyone that is over 10 years of age whose behaviour can cause alarm, distress or even harassment. The minimum time an order can last is two years. But if you breach the order it will be set as a criminal offence and the punishment for this can be up to two years in prison for juveniles and five years for adults. Certain local aut horities went even further and started to try out with Acceptable Behaviour Contracts (ABCs) which were for even lower levels of behaviours and for lower ages those below for ten years of age.And if they are given an order then they must agree and to take steps to correct their behaviour, the steps will be decided by local youth offending team (YOT) and their parents must also agree on the steps. Initially when the ASBO was introduced it was said that it was for adults that were nuisances to their neighbours, but this statement was later changed and became for young people and areas that high crime order became the targets of this order. The Home office review, 58% were made on under 18 year olds and a further 16% on those aged between 18 and 21. There are certain steps in this that are positive but to me there are inherent weaknesses to, like to give anti social behaviour order and lock youths in their houses and stop them from going into certain locations can work but does not a ddress the real problem, and Labour could try and find the cause of these problems as this to me is just bringing up further adult criminals and as we have seen lately getting an ASBO is something to show off so demoralize it entirely.So to conclude I have found that Labour have a lot of strengths in their Youth Policy but have inherent weaknesses which stem from various contradictions in the policy. The strength that I have found are first of all is the duty that has been put into the legislation, which brings various agencies and services together, which unifies them and sets a main agenda that all must adhere to as it is in the legislation to follow the duty and eliminates any confusion that might have existed, and another strength is to support these by the task force which comprises of professionals and people in the field that can offer the best advice.Also the reparation order is a strength as it forces parents to be responsible as some parents let their children do what th ey want to and so this is a good way of making parents act so that they can help their children from offending and make them responsible. Then the child safety order, the strength of this is a the combination of the two orders as it can be most effective this way by handing responsibility 2 both parent and child give maximum results. Then the local child curfews strength lies in the way it involves the local community so determining whats best for the members of their own community. Then there is the final warning where the strength in this lies in the way that it uses various methods simultaneously like community intervention, punishment and rehabilitation which can only increase the chances of success.Which brings me to secure remands of 12-16 year olds which is also a strength as it recognises that they are still young but this also does contradict other policies in this White Paper which it does on many levels, the detention training programme has strength because it does not j ust impose a detention where by this can harden the youth and in some cases lead to a life of crime but with the community supervision would let the offender know that they have been given a chance to mend their ways. The forming of the YOTs and YJB is strength as it brings together all the agencies under one roof you could say, and so the aims are understood by all and are the same this can only help, and managerialism is strength as it can be more efficiently run with professionals in charge.Now I will just conclude my findings of the weaknesses which are the abolition of the doli incapax to me is a weakness as it manages not to take the childs age into consideration and this can be seen just by looking at the rest of Europe, are the children in the UK not the same. Another weakness is the ASBO to lock youths in their houses and stop them from going into certain locations can work but does not address the real problem, and Labour could try and find the cause of these problems as t his to me is just breeding further adult criminals and as we have seen lately getting an ASBO is something to be proud off and to show off so demoralising the order entirely. There are strengths and weaknesses in this policy but I have found the strengths outweigh the weaknesses.BibliographyHome Office, (1997), White Paper, No More Excuses A new approach to tackling youth crime in England and WalesMuncie, J. (2009), Youth and Crime, tertiary edition, London, Sage publicationsMaguire, M. Morgan, R and Reiner, R. (2002), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3rd Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Goldson, B. Muncie, J. (2006), Youth Crime and Justice, London, Sage PublicationsBaldock, J. Manning, N. and Vickerstaff, S. (2007), Social Policy, 3rd edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press.