Impacts of Cultural Differences Essay

College Graduation Thesis able concerns of hea thuslyish deflexions on Inter res humankindaal art dialog Name Chen Xiujuan student No. 0 8 5 1 0 3 4 0 Specialty and Class tune English, Class 3 part Department of Humanities and Arts Supervisor Liu Mifan fitting 2011-3-02 Contents entry1 1. Types of Cultural Differences2 1. 1 grade theorizeing2 1. 2. Negotiating Style2 1. 3. persuasion ride2 2. pre prevail Of Cultural Differences on multinational art dialogs4 . 1 clash of respect Views Differences on International line of address concern Negotiations4 2. 1. 1 encounter of Time View Difference on Negotiation. 4 2. 1. 2Impact of equality View Difference on Negotiation. 5 2. 1. 3 Impact of Objectivity Difference on Negotiation. 6 2. 2 Impact of Negotiating Style Differences on International phone line Negotiations. 7 2. 3 Impact of Thinking Model Differences on International trading Negotiation. 8 3. get by Strategy Of Negotiating Across lasts. 9 3. 1 making Preparations before Negotiation. 9 3. 2 Overcoming Cultural Prejudice. 10 3. hold talk Barriers. 10 Conclusion11 Bibliography12 Ac get byledgements13 Abstract The stemma organization dialogues chthonic assorted pagan conditions scrape to cross- cultural talkss. With the scotch globalization and the frequent railroad line contacts, cultural differences seem to be real of the essence(p) contrastingwise they could ca make use of un necessity mis to a lower placestanding, even affect the result of the vexation talkss. This means it is very important to know the diverse finishing in unlike countries and the ship massal to avoid the nicety conflicts in the transnational employment dialogues.The article commences from the types of gardening differences, then it explains the impacts of these polish differences on international business dialogue and finally it analyzes how to sight with the problem of the cultural differences correctly in duologue process. Such a tie-up is emphasized In the business negotiations amidst several(predicate) countries, encompassers should put up the other troupes last, and try to make him be agreeed then make a correct evaluation with the help of legal dialogue and discover their real gains surrounded by them.Besides, we should know clearly and try to accept the destination differences as possible as we slew. It is very important for the success of tillage negotiations. Key talking to Culture Cultural differences Business negotiation Impact Introduction Along with the advancement globalization and chinas WTO entry, business enterprises in chinaw ar baffle a leak to face a lot and some(prenominal) business negotiations with foreign enterprises, especially with American enterprises. In these negotiations, Chinese negotiators some clips smelling uncomfortable, puzzled, lost, irritated and the alike, because of unfamiliar custom and behaviors present by American negotiators.Mean magic spell, American negotiators gift the same place. Cult rural differences amid china and west countries could cause much(prenominal) problems. Therefore, escorting cultural differences and overcoming them is crucial in international business negotiations. Although the definition of gloss is numerous and vague, it is comm merely Recognized that finis is a sh atomic number 18d system of symbols, beliefs, levers, attitudes and expectations. Culture is a major determinant in business negotiation. So open a clear picture of destination differences if of considerable significance. . Types of Culture Differences The due eastern more than than or less countries and west countries bring forth produced divergent shades on the different continents. Among the different cultures, value scenerys, negotiating elan and sen successionnt formula appear to a greater extent(prenominal) obvious. 1. 1Value View Value find out is the standard that masses use to asses obj ective things. It includes time deliberate, equality catch up with and objectivity. People may draw a different or even conflicting conclusion close to(predicate) the same thing. Value en confident(predicate) is wiz of the most important differences among the numerous factors.It can settle the attitude, acquirefully and behavior of hoi polloi. The value ensure varies from nation to nation, great deal know that the eastern soul focus on collectivism, plot of ground the western people pay up more watchfulness to laissez faire. 1. 2. Negotiating Style Negotiating style refers to the tolerance and graces which the negotiator shows in the negotiation. The negotiators show their negotiating style by means of behavior, manners and the method of controlling negotiation process during the negotiation.The negotiators negotiating style has a bearing on their culture jeopardizeground. According to the culture differences, negotiating style travel into two types the east n egotiating style pattern and the west negotiating style pattern. 1. 3. Thinking Model Thinking model reflects the culture. Because of the influences of history background, continents, words and living method, different nations generate different thinking models. Surely, there is more than one thinking model of a nation, hardly one is more obvious comp ard with others.As a whole, east people, especially Chinese entertain strong comprehensive thinking, examine thinking and curved thinking, while uninflected thinking, abstract thinking and direct thinking atomic number 18 possessed by the west people. 2. Impact of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations With the rapid development of economy, we penury to do business with businessmen under different culture background, so in order to arrive at avocation organization, it is necessary for us to study the impact of culture differences on international negotiation in global business activities.The impact of cult ure differences on international negotiation is across-the-board and deeply. Different cultures divide the people into different group and they are as well as the obstacles of peoples confabulation. Accordingly, it is required that the negotiator should accept the culture of each other. Furthermore, through culture differences, it is important that the negotiator reveal and understand the other partys intent and behavior and make him or herself be accepted by the foeman to rile agreement finally 2. 1Impact of Value Views Differences on International Business NegotiationsValue Views Differences on International Business Negotiations fall into ternion types time view, negotiation style, thinking model. each has colossal influences on business negotiation 2. 1. 1 Impact of Time View Difference on Negotiation. The time view which affects the negotiators behavior varies from east countries to west countries. The oriental or the Chinese negotiators are commonly cautious and patie nt. They need to go through the phrases of coming up with proposes, bringing up objections and ending the trade which generates a longer time.And they try for to execute rich time to go on a negotiation, so knowing more somewhat the opponent . They are dear at long and continuous battle. piece west people or we could speculate American people, consider time is precious. They tend to solution problems swiftly. So, in business negotiation, American businessmen very much complain about the delay and the lack of efficiency of negotiators from other countries, while these countries overly make a complaint that the Americans lack patience. There is a popular saying among American negotiators and businessmen It is prohibited to steal time.That shows the time view of Americans. To them, time means money. The time view of Chinese is cyclic. They use long-term and positive racks to value the importance of the topic. A storied people classify the time view into two kinds straigh t-line time viewand cyclic time view. The former pay more circumspection to concentration and speed, and the later stress doing many things at one time. That they insist on different time view leads to different negotiating style and method. The American people settle the straight-line time view and they have a strong awareness of modern competition.They odor for speed and efficiency. So they value time badly and consider time as a special commodity whose value could be assessed. They often use gauzy to calculate time . They hope to flash back negotiation time at all phrase and want to complete the negotiation quickly. exactly the Chinese time view is cyclic and they place emphasis on unity. Moreover, it is necessary to be punctual at negotiations. West people have a strong time view, if you tangle witht comply with the appointment time, they may hit you a punishment and they depart guess you as unreliable and irresponsible mortal.organism late for negotiation will port ray the west businessmen opportunities to exert wardrobe onyou, and then you will lose the billet of world initiative. 2. 1. 2 Impact of Equality View Difference on Negotiation America went through the bourgeoisie mutation of striving for the equality and freedom, so they take equality into their heart. Americans stick to equality and candor in business, and hope that twain could hold benefit. When introducing the topic or power, the west people would like to use cover method, curiously data.Their negotiating method is that they will describe their viewpoint and propose at the producening in order to get initiative. Under this linguistic rule, they would come up with a reasonable firmness which they think is very fair. In business affinity, the sellers from America regard the buyer as a counterpart. Americans are fairer than Japanese is share benefits. A lot of American managers think fair division of profits is more important than how much they could get. At this poi nt, the east people are different. Because of the deeply influence of class view, they dont pay much attention to equality.They usually suck case-by-case-win dodge in business negotiations. When involving economic benefits they think much about their testify benefits and profits and dont outpouring so much attention to the benefit of their partners. The grocery store economic system of veritable countries is quite mature, so west countries take win-win strategy more in negotiation basically, they could take the benefits of both into consideration. 2. 1. 3 Impact of Objectivity Difference on Negotiation The objectivity in international business negotiation reflects the degree to which people treat any things.West people especially Americans have a strong objectivity on the understand of issues. At negotiation table, Americans dont care much about relationship among people. They dont care if the status of the opponent is equal to theirs. They make finish establish on facts an d data, not people. The saying that public things use public ways is a reflection of American objectivity. Therefore,Americans emphasize that business community should distinguish people and issues, what they are rightfully interested in is the actual problems. just now in the other parts of the world, it is unachievable for them to distinguish people and issues. . 2 Impact of Negotiating Style Differences on International Business Negotiations The impacts of negotiating style differences on international business negotiation mainly exist in negotiating method and negotiating grammatical construction. Take the negotiation between America and China as a example, since the oriental care more about unity in thinking, they method they assume in negotiation is from unity to parts, from the big to little, from the abstract to the concrete, that is to say they should each agreement on planetary terms, then begin to talk about the concrete terms.And usually not until the end of the n egotiation do they make compromise and promise base on all the items, and then to reach agreement. The west people are influenced by analytic thinking, so pay more attention to logical relations between things. They consider more about concrete things than integrity. And they tend prove the concrete items at the beginning of negotiation, so they often announcement the price, delivery and issuance respectively at world-class. And they may make compromise at all(prenominal) detail, so the final fuck off is the combination of many little agreements.The negotiating structure is linked with cultures. Negotiating structure mostly refers to the weigh of the participants. In business negotiation, the foreign representation is usually composed by 3-5 people, while the Chinese one could be more 15 people. The foreign negotiators not only need to negotiate with their counterparts but also need to discuss with related person in charge or the government. When devising the final decision s, the Chinese negotiators often discuss the results repeatedly from the workers to the board to avoid creation decided by a single person. That results from the influence of collectivism.So they often tell to their partners Let us think about it. Let us discuss it. nevertheless the west negotiators could make the final decision without going back for discussion. That because their admire individualism and hard working. They have strong independence. They would tamp on according to the best ways after knowing their goals. Whats more, most west people think that they have the ability to deal with the negotiation situation on their aver. And truly, they are brave sufficiency to take responsibility. 2. 3 Impact of Thinking Model Differences on International Business NegotiationThe thinking model of Chinese tends to be comprehensive, concrete and curved, while the Americans are usually analytic, abstract and straight-line. We Chinese are accustomed to talking about general principl es at start-off and then execute onto expound. To Chinese negotiators, the core is the general guideline, and the expound are subject to the guideline. subsequently count on out the big picture, other problems are easier to resolve. It is the most obvious feature of Chinese negotiators. But west businessmen, especially Americans are likely to discuss the details first and try to avoid the principle.They value details very much and think noting about the unity. Accordingly, they want to discuss the details at the beginning of negotiation. They are direct and simpleton in negotiation. As a egress of fact, many facts show that General principles first have impact of constriction on the parts and details. For instance, our government insists on the principle that Hong Kong and Macao are undivided parts of Chinas territory. In the important diplomatic negotiations such as Entering into relationship with America, Hong Kongs and Macaos Coming back into their motherland.It is under such principle that we complete the tone of the negotiation and controlled the skeleton of the negotiation, thus we get the advantage and prompt the success of negotiation. 3. Coping Strategy of Negotiating across Cultures The culture differences in cross-cultural confabulation have various impacts on operation of enterprises. These differences will influence negotiation and management of transnational operation whats more, it may have bad effects on the sympathetic relationship between our country and foreign countries.Maybe that will lead to the wanting of market opportunities, the increase of trade comprise and the low efficiency of company management. So, it is in reality necessary for us all to rule in and avoid disadvantageous effects. 3. 1 Making Preparations before Negotiation. The negotiators essential make life-threatening preparations if they want control the development of negotiation successfully in the complex situation. notwithstanding do they make good prep arations can they make changes freely according to the situation of negotiation and avoid the happening of conflicts. Because the international business negotiation involves extensive aspects, more preparations are needed.The preparations often include the abridgment of the negotiators themselves and the opponents the constitution of negotiation group, elaborating the negotiating goal and strategy and going on imitation negotiation when necessary. When making preparations, you should try to know the opponents while you analyze yourselves. Analyzing yourselves mainly refers to studying if the dispatch is feasible. To knowing about the opponents means discretion their strength such as credit status, the policy? business customs and regulations of their countries and the conditions of their negotiating members and so on. . 2 Overcoming Cultural Prejudice Tolerating different cultures and overcoming cultural prejudice contribute to weaken communicating with each other and understand ing each other. West people often think that they are powerful, capable and experienced, so sometimes, we need to recognize then and confine then some good comments. We should convey about the foreign cultures before negotiation and accept and understand their cultures in negotiation, because every country regard their own cultures as a matter of course and hope that their culture could be recognized and accepted. 3. Conquering Communication Barriers Two trains running at different railways in the opposite burster will collide with each other maybe this is the best arrangement for trains. But to communication between people, there wont be communications if people go ahead according to their own ways. Trains will collide with each other if they run on the same railway at the opposite direction. But if we card by the objective of peoples communication, only we beseeming each other, can we have communication and friendship. In negotiation, sometimes we cant make much progress alth ough we have talked for long time.And sometimes both parties are not satisfied. After thinking, that is caused by communication barriers which happen slowly in cross-cultural negotiation. We should make sure if there appear communication barriers, if so, we must overcome them. Generally speaking, we should pay more attention to the following three communication barriers in cross-cultural negotiation the communication barriers caused by culture background of both the ones caused by misunderstanding of the contents and selective information from the partner the ones caused by not being willing to accept the opponents contents and ideas.Conclusion Social impost varies in different countries. In a word, cross- cultural communication will meet the problem of culture differences surely. In tip over, culture differences also influence all aspects of international business communication. To avoid or to resolve the culture differences is a huge delegate in international business negotia tion. In order to step into the international market successfully, we must have the awareness of culture differences, acknowledge culture differences and understand different cultures.Try to know yourself and know them. Whats more, we should respect different behavior of businessmen under different culture background, and then we could reduce unnecessary conflicts resulting from not respecting the opponents. It is near for both to form an atmosphere of usual trust and cooperation, reduce culture differences and turn disadvantages into advantages and benefits. Thus, we could avoid conflicts and obstacles, then to promote communication and harmony in international business negotiation. Bibliography 1George Yule. The study of LanguageM. Cambridge University Press,2000202-209 2Harvey, Paul,,The Oxford Companion to English literary productions M. London Oxford University Press. 197823-25 3Philip R Harris, Managing Cultural Differences M. disconnect Publishing Company, 1987234-260 4Wang Cheng fa. A Glimpse of contrary Land J. Kaifeng Henan Univesity Press, 200058-62 5???.?????????? M. ?? ????????? ,20002-6 6??? ????? ?????????? M.?? ??????? ,2004 7???.????????????. M?? ??????? ,2003340-342 8???????????. ???????? M.?? ????? ,2001 Acknowledgements As acknowledgements for my paper, only I the writer is responsible for the shortcomings. I much acknowledges my thanks to all my teachers, especially to lose Liu Mifan, my supervisor, who has provides me support, critical ideas and careful suggestions. I also want to thank my family who always make believe me time, encouragement and secretarial services, especially my parents. Finally, my classmate and friends, who provided thoughtful and thorough reviews of my paper, must be acknowledged.