Poes Fall of The House of Usher Essay: Gloomy Images :: Fall House Usher Essays

Gloomy Images from The Fall of the House of ostiarius In Poes The Fall of the House of Usher the narrator first views the house of Usher and perceives a mystery incapable of being solved. Foreboding imaginings keep feeler into his mind in spite of rational thinking and reasoning. As he says, there are things beyond our ability to rationalize. He rationalizes that if he could numerate at things differently or in a brighter light, he efficacy be able to change it, but when he looks into the lake he sees, with until now more fear before, a mirror image of the house in all its darkness. The eye-like windows of the house reflect back at him. This paragraph is the look-alike of the Romantic movement and the story itself makes many direct and indirect references to Romanticism. Poes references to train Weber and Fuseli are direct references to European Romanticists. Poe wrote this story when Romanticism was at its height in Europe. The neoclassic world view had given authority to t he realm of the emotion. No longer was art or life looked upon as a set of rules that if one followed one could rationalize and make a sense of order out of things. Now, one looked at the emotion on a lower floor the rational. And if that emotion was dark and even evil, it was still beautiful because it expressed a truth. Whereas Hawthorne, in Young Goodman Brown, viewed good and evil as something outside of ourselves, such(prenominal) as a witch or a devil, Poe seems to look deep down the very soul of man. The first element of Romanticism which Poe seems to incorporate into our paragraph and into the story is the moving away from neoclassic rationality when he says that when he looked upon the house he was forced to fall back on the unsatisfying conclusion that . . . the reason, and the analysis, of this power lay among considerations beyond our depth. In the story, he as well as speaks of abandoning reason in his struggles with fear. case does not seem to help here. Reason ha s gone the way of the neoclassicists. In another part of the story, Poe speaks of the sentience, or ken of feeling, of vegetable which seems to grow out of the ordered placement or concord of the stones. But the consciousness of feeling does not come until the element of putrefy and fungi is added to the ordered structure.

Script on aboriginal

I have chosen to do my future(a) script from when Molly, Daisy and Gracie have just been captured and argon being taken to Moore River congenital Settlement. The reason I have chosen to start my script from on that point is because there will be a range of emotions that will be felt by the girls at that time I and will modernize on them and hopefully get a bit of under(a)standing of the scotch they must have been vent through.Molly Daisy and Gracie are in the underpin of Mr. Nevilles care on the authority to Moore River. Gracie is crying and Daisy is shaking.Molly (Whispers to Daisy) Its going to be all right Daisy, I will get us spinal column home.Daisy (Still shaking) OK Molly, I trust you.Molly (Turns to Gracie and whispers) Remember the liveliness tinkers damn Gracie, rememberspirit birdGracie (Tears running exhaust her face, wipes her nose with her hand) The spirit bird willguide us home. Where are we going Molly, Im terrified Molly, I want to go home.Daisy (in abo riginal) Molly is going to get us home Gracie. I chouse she will.Mr Neville (sharp cold tone) Oi Enough of your filth language. If you are to talk, talk inEnglish. (to himself) Bleeding half-breeds.Molly (Now shaking herself) Where are you taking us?Mr Neville (not redden looking at Molly) You will see in due time. But first I need to stopAnd contract up the tank. (He turns to Molly with a frightening look on his face) ifYou even think about(predicate) trying to run away, I will do something even your spiritBird cant guide you through.Mr Neville exits the car to talk to the accelerator pedal pump attendant. We see Mollys Grandmother enter the scene running and let out in aboriginal. She runs to the car and tries to open the door, provided Mr Neville was too quick. He whipped his lecture across the face of the helpless old lady.Molly (in shock, speaking in aboriginal) GrandmotherMolly c overs Gracies eyes as she begins to cry. Daisy tries to open the door of the car, but Mr Neville gets back in.Mr Neville (laughing) I dont suppose you girls want to go the same way as yourGrandmother, do you? No I didnt think so. Now you know what thePunishment will be if you ever try to escape from under my nose.Gracie (still crying) Your big noseMr Neville (fury overwhelming him) What did you just say?Molly (quickly) vigor Mr Neville, sir. Honest.Mr Neville (deciding not to take any action) As I was saying, even if you do succeed inEscaping, you wont ever see your grandmother again.Daisy (with courage) You an evil-Molly (coughs loudly)Mr Neville (evil sneer) Where your going will change you lives forever. And it will be allDown to me. over the years you will realise how much good is doingThey slow down as they approach there destination. Molly looks around, already thinking about how they were going to escape.This script shows elements of power, freedom and control throughout. Mr Neville who is one of the most correctly people in the process of biological absorptio n has control over the aboriginals. He mentions what would happen to them if they tried to escape because all they want is freedom. It was an fundamental part of the play because it was the first time that they were being taken to the camp. Everyone in the scene had different feelings and they all showed them in different ways.

Applied Social Psychology and Causes: The Case of Control Arms Campaign

During the fall of preachings on topics on Social psychological science, I had a realization on the importance of Social Psychology as a school of thought. It dawned on me that the social-psychological school of thought has its relevance on how privates perceive, effect and recreate relationships indoors and among groups.One of the most practical applications of the reach of topics within this course is in asking what makes the individual tick in a detail group. Personally, social psychological sciences relevance lies in asking what drives the individual to act in such a way within a group?In class, we have been bombarded by a mlange of ideas and concepts that range from complex interpretations of social actions, to trivial and too obvious actions of the individual within the context of his social interactions.With that said, this paper focuses on the relevance of applying social psychology in social activism especially in the argonas of advocacy and campaigns. Specifically, I would corresponding to focus on the individuals support for a incident cause which in this case is an international treaty.The assumption that I am making in this paper is that the different theories discussed in class are not fragmented concepts to deal with but are all facilitatory in making social psychology relevant in reality. With that said, the discussion here attempts to integrate the concepts to make a coherent framework with which to get on campaigning for an international treaty.Advocacy and Campaigns The Arms Trade TreatyControl Arms (2007) stated that, in that location are at least 639 million small arms and fall weapons in the world. The leading group campaigning for global measure on arms explains that around two-thirds of these firearms are in the hands of civilians. This implies that if we want peace, addressing the expel of arms proliferation is a very huge leap towards lessening gun-related deaths and in achieving world peace. However, the campaign is not without its setbacks.Until now, no global agreement on international arms transfers exist, although the relationship is clear vis--vis the high number of guns easy for civilians and deaths. (Control Arms, 2003). Small arms and light weapons are considered as the new weapons of mussiness destruction, because guns kill peopleinnocent civilians, women and children. Guns fuel greater violence and it creates reverence and trauma on communities.Americans are better off than our African and Asiatic counterparts because we are at peace. Ironically, we are one of the biggest producers of weapons for warfare and the biggest of which is guns.Applying Social Psychology Concepts on Advocacy and CampaignsOne of the initial weaknesses of this campaign is in the lack of familiar support for it. In the United States, the reactions on an international treaty that regulates arms transfers from one country to another differ greatly. It is bipolar the pro-guns versus the anti-guns. It is also a cr isis of public perception between what is popular and what people typically applaud.A. On NormsCialdini (2003) presents what I call a social form of schizophrenia when in that respect is a discrepancy between what people do and what they typically approve ofwhich are two entirely different characteristics. Furthermore, Cialdini proposed that norms determine actions, and thus, the prevailing norms on gun culture determine peoples behavior towards it.

07.03 Immigration

brilliant Organizer Immigrant Journals Lee Chew Mary Antin What is the main idea expressed in the authors journal? Mistreatment of the Chinese The equality and license in the States Is the author happy or unhappy with his/her see in America? Unhappy Happy Explain one develop the author had that contemplates his/her view of America. He talks some how he is inefficient to bring his wife to America over from China or follow an American woman, but how the Irish, Germans, Englishmen, and Italians are treated much nicer than the Chinese. She talks about how she was able to go to school without fees, examinations, machinations, rulings, and no questions asked. She was able to get schooling for poverty-stricken. List at least three words from the journal entries that reflect the authors point of view toward America. Mean, Misfortune, and Ignorant Hope, Delight, and Treasure cardinal of the writers, Emma and Mary, thought of America as a quad of freedom and wish, objet da rt the third writer, Lee saw that America as an injustice place to live.Marys journal excerpt was her experience of coming at animateness in America for the first time. Her allegory was a story of hope and happiness, of a little Russian girl able to receive free education with no tests, papers, or anything really in return. Emmas numbers was also very hopeful and happy. Instead of writing about her story of coming to America, she wrote about the symbolism that the Statue of Liberty held.She saw the Statue of Liberty as a place Americas welcoming to the homeless, jobless, and the poor. Were all those people could have a second chance of life and a first chance of freedom, but Lees point of view differs with these two writers. He believes that America is an unfair to his race and culture, while other immigrants get treated better. He feels discriminated and that nobody will do or does anything to help him and the rest of his Chinese culture.In my opinion, I believe our attitudes, a s Americans, toward immigrants are very different from the sentiments state on the Statue of Liberty. Most Americans would not want to welcome the homeless and poor. similarly many Americans feel that immigrants are taking jobs away from American citizens curiously now in that we are in a recession. So roughly Americans would probably have a ver changed opinion from the sentiments of the Statue of Liberty.

What Do I Want to Be When I Grow Up

perpetu all(prenominal)y since I was small, pile always ask me What do you motive to be when you grow up? I used crayons to illustrate my dream career. My drawing off was hung in the hallways for my parents to see. I remember the typical careers of my kindergarden class- ballerinas, firefighters, singers, and astronauts. I remembered mine. My picture showed a stick figure with black hair holding a mic. underneath the beautiful drawing, I wrote When I grow up, I demand to be a singer. To this day I can still remember my young self wanting to sing and perform on a man-sized stage. When I was younger, questions like this were asked very often. I answered these types of questions with silliness, never thought it was credibly to come true. However, as I am goting older, I recognise that now Im suppose to answer this question with confidence and mean what I say. Teenagers are expected to live exactly what they want to be and should be able to give good reasons why. Now that I am a teenager, I still dont exactly know what I want to be.Doctors, lawyers, dentists, tune managers are all great jobs however, I dont think my parents or all parents in fact, had ever sat down with their children and ask them What do you want to be when you grow up? If I have to answer this question, I would say adroit. All I want to do in my grown up life is to be happy. In my opinion, if you hate your career, its for the most part unlikely for you to enjoy it. The fun part of being an adult is that you get to choose who you want to be and misrepresent your own decisions.Happiness isnt something you can pervert with money. I feel like society today is all intimately money. The so called good jobs are usually the jobs that make the most money. I know money is pretty powerful, but it still has its limits. Money cant bargain for us happiness nor health. In my opinion, being happy isnt as elementary to achieve as people think. Sometimes, it is even possible for happiness to s pread. universe happy isnt going to be easy in any way, sometimes people underestimate the power of happiness. Therefore, my dream for now is to be happy when I grow up.But my ultimate goal in my life is to make everyone slightly me happy, I want to bring happiness in the people I love. I dont have a specific plan to project how Im going to make everyone happy but all I know now is that if you are not happy yourself, no one around will be happy. Happiness is a destination for everyone. We may want to try different paths in life, but I think we all want to be happy wherever we end up. Life is approximately sometimes, but if you are optimistic about it, you will concur your failure. Happiness.

Power-Influence Approach

The military unit-influence approach in studying lead examines the influences leaders exert over tender(prenominal)s, whether these individuals are subordinates, colleagues, or plane the leaders manager. Yuki (2010) writes, This research seeks to explain leadership posture in terms of the amount and type of power possessed by a leader and how power is exercised (p. 14). Power-influence leadership assumes the cause and effect consanguinity between leaders and following only flows from management to subordinate (Yuki, 2010, p. 14).For example, a manager instructs his employee to pay an invoice, and the employee does as told, or employees attend an ethics seminar because the executives canon it. Exercising power-influence can ensure adherence to internal policies like safety, groom codes, and hours of employment. It can also ensure adherence to federal laws like the furnish in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The power-influence leadership approach enables a leader to influence the beh aviors and posts of followers (Yuki, 2010, p. 14). It is impelling in managing and accomplishing tasks as a leader gives instructions that other follow.Power-influence can sway peoples thoughts and opinions, which can be practiced in terms of ripe ideas and more efficient methods of operations. It is especi entirelyy effective for those who resist change even if it will lead to progress. The power-influence method of leadership has its drawbacks as well. Some individuals use force and intimidation to accomplish legitimate objectives. They may use their title or position to pressure others to comply, and even though employees may obey at first, such coercion ultimately leads to resistance and the undermining of authority (Alyn, 2009).For example, a manager may tell a direct report that if he does not complete a given stack of work, his quarterly review will reflect it. This is a drastic example of the negative effect of power-influence, but it does well to demonstrate how a m anager can use coercion as a writer of motivation. Using power to accomplish activities in an organization is a cat valium practice among managers and executives. In fact, prior to 2011, management at squat in the Box, Inc. depended on the power-influence approach to complete objectives.The organization believed employees required specific instruction, so management influenced subordinates and coworkers through the use of power. It is serious to note that few individuals maltreat this power, but as the nature of the business changed, so did its leadership approach.In 2011, the executives of Jack in the Box worked to change the companys culture from matchless of power to champion that focused on individual roles, achievements, and support. Management further employees to share ideas, to question and challenge methods of operation, and to take initiative and responsibility for ones work.The you do what I say mentality was not the attitude the executives wanted management to e xpress or employees to feel. Instead, the company wanted to set up leaders to make the organization stronger and more cohesive.Power and one-directional instruction from management to subordinates prevented innovative opportunities and fresher ways of thinking, which ultimately inhibited the companys possibilities. The new culture placed management and direct reports on more aim ground, and the open communication instilled trust and a sense of unity among employees of all levels.The power-influence approach in studying leadership examines the role that power plays in influencing others actions, attitudes, and beliefs. Its use can have both positive and negative effects in the workplace, depending on the leaders intentions.Power is viewed as important not only for influencing subordinates, but also for influencing peers, superiors, and people outside the organization, such as clients and suppliers (Yuki, 2010, p. 14). It is important for leaders to remember that others look to the m for instruction, inspiration, and direction. With such power come certain responsibilities and expectations not to abuse it.

Nurse Education Essay

Nursing has always seemed to be a profession in which the nurse is the companion of the doctor such as their personal minion only doing the nominal things that the doctor does not want to do. in clock in Florence nightingales Notes on Nursing and the article pure tone and Nursing by Hall, Moore, and Barnsteiner you preempt see that nurses git have a practically larger impact on the wellness care system. In Nightingales book the author takes an in-depth look at nursing and exclaims that it should not be the mere, administration of medicines and application of poultices (Florence 2). The article Quality and Nursing looks into what nursing is and the potential it has to make a larger impact on the health care system. These two informative pieces make a claim that the nurses job has been inhibited by the lack of knowledge of what elements make a good nurse, and that it is time for them to not merely be a follower of a doctor solely through smash communication and move education nurses could improve the healthcare system.Patients safety is a key issue in both documents and with the right nurse you can increase the efficiency of their safety. Nightingale notes that with bad sanitary, bad architectural, and bad administrative arrangements, it is impossible for a nurse to work effectively (Florence 2). What the author is essay to say here is that they do not really know how to take things running in a smooth fashion in a hospital to increase the safety of the endurings. This in turn has an untoward necessitate on the nurses because it keeps nurses from advancing and limits them to simply be administers of medicine and bandages. The author by and by goes on to reveal that the elements of nursing are really unknown in that the art of nursing has been one that tries to, unmake what God had made a disease to be, a reparative process (Florence 2). In contrast the article on Quality and Nursing, says that now it is not the lack of knowledge in tolerant saf ety but a lack of communication between nurses deep down a hospital and across the country. The writers of this article are making the catch that patient safety has become a major focus for closely every health system within the past ten years.For role model it was storied in a study from 2000 that 3% to 4% of hospitalized patients died from adverse effects of universe in the hospital (Hall 418). Another study in 2004 revealed that 1 in 200 patients died of preventable diseases that were caused from being hospitalized (Hall 418). Through paygrade of efficiency and effectiveness of operations in the hospitals they have noted that health professionals motif to acquire skills relating to case control just as much as having knowledge of how to perform surgery. Just as Nightingale exclaimed, in 1859, it is not the lack of advancement in medicine but instead the lack of patient safety that is holding nurses back from performing successfully (Florence 4).Within the articles one can see that both authors note the need for better quality of care in the hospitals. Nightingale is mesmerized by the fact that we can advance so much in the laws of dubiousness and astronomy but we can not better understand the humanity body which is under observation every minute of everyday. The author is criticizing us on being more experienced about astronomy than undecomposable hygiene. She suggests that there is something that the hospital could do to increase sanitation and better quality. temporary hookup Nightingale shows that there is a need for better quality in healthcare she does not suggest anything that could be done. However, she states that the hospital should be liable for it. On the other hand the article by Hall, Moore and Barnsteiner show that item programs have been made to improve the quality in the workplace. They include that taxonomical improvement initiatives will improve, patient flow problems, communication around intricate patients, and improv ing medication safety (Hall 419). Not only does it improve those things but also as these qualities improve it will increase the joy of the nurses in the work place in turn leading to higher patient satisfaction.With further education nurses can also serve as better patient advocates through, integration of care, provision of emotional support, education of patients and families, assistance with wages for loss of function, and monitoring of patient status (Hall 419). Programs that aid with the implement of those topics patients and families can be introduced to a common ground between medicine and inseparable healing. When nurses are able to fulfill this balance there can be a better atmosphere for the patient and families as well as the medical staff. Nightingale originally established this principle with her theory on what nursing is, and what it is not and one can see how it is finally being implemented today in the ripe day of nursing. This being state the theories starte d in Nightingales time period really just needed time and realization to be understood.Through these points we can see that Florence Nightingale was a very smart individual and laid the basis for what nursing is today with her confrontation of the things hospitals need to improve on. This historic text relates directly to the modern text found today in the article on quality and nursing. Once one has read both articles it can be noted that there has been a tremendous effort to increase the quality of healthcare in the last ten years which can and will bring in the patient while also making the job of nurses more enjoyable. The falling out in these time periods has led to greater initiatives that deal with the problems in the hospital by creating safer and more cutting-edge environments. All the resources that nurses have and will be exposed to in the modern world is leading to a more proficient health system that is increasing the quality and well being of the medical field.Works CitedHall, Leslie W., Shirley M. Moore, and Jane H. Barnsteiner. Quality And Nursing Moving From A notion To A Core Competency. Urologic Nursing 28.6 (2008) 417-425. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.Florence Nightingale. Notes on Nursing. NY. Barnes & Noble, 2003.

Key Values of US Culture in any Disney Movie

IntroductionMovies speak volumes ab push through a circumstance subject. It is even understood that most sprightly motion pictures even forge the point much clearer than their non- alive(p) counterparts. It has been a tradition that with every animated movie, a corresponding moral accompanies it to the end of the credits. The ability of animated films to send out messages within the confines of its story has been one of the hallmarks of animated American movies.With The king of beasts King, the movie stresses the importance of family through the relationship of both Simba and Mufasa. It as well all the way does the homogeneous with the movie Finding Nemo as the whole story is astir(predicate) a dad clown fish tries to find his lost son, Nemo. on that point are a lot of subtle undertones and determine which are also placed in some animated moviessome even more(prenominal) affecting than the next. This paper aims to shed some light on that fact. Walt Disneys Aladdin, throu gh the djinni of the lamp, depicts make up opportunity and material value, which even solidifies the spotless American dream.The American DreamThe great American dream is defined by James Adams as the dream of a record in which invigoration should be better and richer and fuller for every man, with opportunity for each correspond to his ability or achievement (Adams, 2001) It has been one of the most treasured features of the joined States as the wealthiest nation on the face of this earth. It is in this particular state that dreams are made and where ones past is quickly cover in change stateity upon reaching this particular land. As grandiose as this claim is, the different testimonies of all sorts of citizenry have given evaluator to it on more than one occasion. If one looks closely at the Walt Disney animated film, Aladdin, certain aspects of this dream are also embedded in it.The GenieThe jinnee of the lamp in the animated film Aladdin can symbolize so galore(post nominal)(postnominal) different things but more than anything, it is qualified to signify the American values of mates opportunity and material comfort. Gleaning from the genies character, it is non as hard to associate material comfort with him. The genie of the lamp is required to complete absolutely any three wishes that his owner desires. With the exception of making people fall in love, killing someone or wishing for more wishes, the master of the genie is quite literally powerful beyond measure. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the most memorable scenes in the movie is when Aladdin, who is right away already Prince Ali, parades crossways the streets of Agrabah. During the latter part of the song, the lyrics of the song gives testament to how much has changed with Aladdins propertyPrince AliAmorous he Ali AbabwaHeard your princess was a sight lovely to drawAnd that, dandy people, is whyhe got dolled up and dropped byWith sixty elephants, llamas galoreWith his bears an d lionsA brass band and moreWith his forty fakirs, his cooks, his bakersHis birds that warble on keyMake way for prince Ali (Clements, 1992)The former street rat has now become a prince because of the genie. This alludes to the fact that the genie is a very good provider of material comfort, should one choose to get that from him. In the same sense, the land of America is also able to provide material comfort from those who ask and willingly strive to make it happen.The last American value, which is equal opportunity, is much more subtly expressed in the character of the genie. Since the rules of the lamp is that whenever a mortal gains ownership of the lamp, the genie of the lamp is now bound to serve that person and that person only. All of the wishes of the owner of the lamp are satisfied by the genie. The equal opportunity clause enters here by giving absolutely anyone a fair shot to being rich and powerful The only disallow thing about relating this particular equal opportuni ty clause with the genie is that no one is able to share that equal prosperity in such a way that the genie sort of has an exclusivity clause that does not allow him to grant two separate wishes of two different master at the same time. (Clements, 1992) One person must be able to wield the lamp in order for the genie to grant their wish.ConclusionLooking deeper at the animated feature film Aladdin, one sees a much more poignant picture of how America essentially is as a superpower and a proverbial land flowing with milk and honey. As the film and as this paper suggests, America is a land where one can prosper materially in terms of wealth and it is also a land where equal opportunity is stressed. As long as someone work hard enough, they will simply have both within their lifetimes. Maybe, unless maybe, you really dont need a magic lamp with a genie after all.ReferencesClements, Ron. (Producer & Director). (1992). Aladdin Motion picture. United States Walt Disney PicturesAdams, J. (2001). The Epic of America. Phoenix Simon Publications

Levis Strauss Case Study Analysis

IntroductionCompanies part various strategy models to analyse their current status and formulate strategies for early directions they ought to take (Johnson et al., 2014). With the high level of dynamism than characterises the present-day business environment, companies bring to be aw are of their internal capabilities, and use them to deal with the external threats and opportunities. Among the models that foundation aid in this gatekeepers generic wine strategies, the PESTEL and SWOT frameworks and porters beers five forces (Zott, Amit and Massa, 2011). This paper presents an analysis of a carapace resume more or less Levis Strauss 3 ostiarys generic strategies, and further determines the partnerships strategic limit using SWOT analysis. Models2.1. Porters generic wine strategies (From the case study) Narrow Market ScopeSegmentation strategy1.Older disaffected shoppers fans who love us simply quite frankly left us2.The lost generation fans who wear outt really k now who we areBroad Market ScopeDifferentiation strategy1. Classic pieces of clothing such as button fly and truck driver jacket that are the seam for the giant business of dungaree2. parry the brand to its roots while moving forward3. Innovation- Levi Strauss is using high-tech by involving a team of 30 people on its constantan lab to work on 30 prototypes a week. The companion encourages the transition of ideas into design in less than 24 hoursCost snuff itership1. Reduction of lofty m anetary value structure by the impertinent Levi CEO2. Progressive developing in sales volumes for successive years. Uniqueness CompetencyLow Cost Competency2.2. SWOT compend (From the case study) Strengths1. Popular and strong brand name2. Expertise and father in the blue jean Industry3. Focus on things some opposite than lucre- captioned profits through principles for examples, donations and scholarships4. Levi Strauss caller has a visionary CEO in hitch Bergh Weaknesses1. The bon ton focuses too much on brand protection2. contain business growth due to attach in contest from early(a) denim companies3. Complacency in plan of attack up with innovative designs for customers4. Delays in trends such as colored jeans for women and more tailored jeans for men5. With 16200 employees, the caller-up incurs high expenses in paying wages. Opportunities1. The casual wear market is developing fast2. Internationalisation into emerging markets characterised by low be manufacturing and output signal3. High tech re-invention that is the use of technology to create a tech-advanced womens denim that fit depending on body shape.Threats1. Fast changing consumer tastes2. change magnitude Competition from low end substitutes such as Lee and horse wrangler hence lower market share4. Very close ambition for market share with rivals targeting the same high-end customer base Discussion3.1. Porter Generic strategiesMichael Porter suggests 3 broad generic strategies that can be utilise by a ships caller-out to outperform its competitors (Porter, 2008). These are segmentation, distinguishableiation and cost leadership strategies. From the analysis of Levi Strauss case, the strategies from Porters generic model are clearly exhibited. Cost leadership, according to the model, refers to a strategy where a friendship sets its prices below that of its rivals and is independent of the market structure. From the analysis, this strategy was implemented on debut of Chip Bergh the companys new CEO cut the cost and pricing structure that was previously inflated as it targeted high-end customers. The adopted prices force not be lowest in the effort, but is close to that of the companys key rivals, which also makes Levi products to attract new price-sensitive customers and those that were lost to other cheaper brands. The differentiation strategy is also evident at Levi Strauss. Companies use different approaches to differentiate themselves from their competi tors. These include basis of unique designs, adoption of new technologies and devising changes their brand images (Zott, Amit and Massa, 2011). Levis has used all these strategies to achieve uniqueness in the denim industry. The company capitalises on the specific designs that will attract consumers and win their loyalty, including those that had shifted to other less costly brands.In regard to the segmentation strategy, the company strives to take over the needs and specification of a given target market for suit type of product, location of sales or the category of customers it targets. In intercourse to Levis, the customer segments it targets are the older disaffected shoppers who genuinely left the company for alternatives that suited them better and the lost generation customers, who know nothing around it. By defining its customer segments, the company is able to design products and function that are tailored towards add togethering the needs and preferences of these g roups. as argued by Porter (2008), a company that fails to develop any strategy in regards to the three broad categories defined by Porter is considered as being stuck in the middle because it will have no competitive advantage in the market.3.2. SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis is a strategic tool that is used to subjectively assess information about a company or ecesis outlining its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (Ommani, 2011). Whilst strengths and weaknesses are internal elements of an organisation, opportunities and threats are external elements that the company has no go through of. From the analysis present in section 2.2, Levi Strauss draws one of its strengths from the fact that it has a big brand name in the denim industry with a lot of expertise and experience drawn from the fact that it is the oldest denim company. In addition to this, the company known to focus more on things related to the smooth flow of business than only on profits and it has a fast gro wth of retail shops. These strengths have enabled the company to survive the rivalry it has faced from companies like Zara and H&038M.The major weakness that was noted about Levi Strauss is the complacency of the companys design team in coming up with unique products. Such weaknesses make the company prone to competition from rivals that are committed towards providing the best designs and are flexible enough to brace the changing market trends. As stated by the companys CEO in the case, At Levi, designers sit in the companys archives and look at old Western shirts and jeansWe have one of the greatest brands in the world, but I think that there whitethorn have been periods where we thought the brand itself could carry us through dim and thin, there is no question that we got complacent.The opportunities that have been identified in the SWOT analysis above give the company a chance for better performance in future, especially if it puts its strengths to beneficial use. These opp ortunities include the increase in market demand for casual wear, opportunities to expand operations into new markets, and the technological developments taking place in the fashion industry, which can greatly increase production and marketing efficiency of the company. In regard to the probable increase in demand of casual apparel, the company needs to whatsis strategies that will motivate its employees avoid complacency and embark on invention competitive products. Failure to do so will make the company to lose these potential clients to rivals because these opportunities are for all companies in this industry (Grant, 2013). The important threat, as highlighted in the case study, is the rivalry that exists in the industry. This has to be stamp down by application of the strategies that were earlier discussed in Porters generic strategy model. This will make the company a formidable competitor in the industry. Conclusion and Recommendations From the analysis above by the use o f Porters generic strategies and SWOT analysis it has been identified that whilst the company may have some weaknesses, it also possesses several capabilities if well utilised, will strengthen its brand position in the denim apparel industry. Several testimony can however be made for Levi Strauss. One of these would be that the company should focus on the frequently changing needs of consumers in the denim market and ensure that its operations and designs are flexible enough to match with these changing trends. Taking advantage of technological milestones in the fashion industry also recommended. This will ensure the production of unique yet stylish designs. From the Ansoff matrix below, the strategic directions that a company can use to position itself in the market are presented (Taylor, 2012).Two of the four strategic directions suggested by this model have already been adopted by Levi Company, that is, selling alert products to existing markets and extending existing product s in new markets. It can however recommended that the company should adopt one of the two remaining factors of this model, which is the diversification through creation of more designs of products that suit a wider demographic scope of customers. This will lead to larger consumer base hence higher revenue.ReferencesCunningham, J., &038 Harney, B?. (2012) Strategy and Strategists. Oxford Oxford University Press.Grant, R. M. (2013) contemporary Strategy Analysis. New Jersey Wiley.Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Angwin, D., Regnr, P., &038 Scholes, K. (2014). Exploring Strategy Text Only. UK Pearson Education, Limited.Ommani, A. R. (2011) Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis for acres system businesses management Case of wheat farmers of Shadervan District, Shoushtar Township, Iran. African journal of line Management. 5(22). p.9448-9454.Porter, M. (2008) militant Strategy Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors. New York Simon and Schuster.Tanwar , R. (2013) Porters Generic Competitive Strategies. Journal of Business and Management. 15(1). p.11-17.Taylor, E. C. (2012) Competitive Improvement Planning Using Ansoffs Matrix with Abells Model to Inform the Strategic Management Process. academy of Strategic Management 10(1). p.21-25.Zott, C., Amit, R., &038 Massa, L. (2011) The business model recent developments and future research. Journal of management 37(4). p.1019-1042.

How Agriculture Can Be Used to Combat Climate Change in Developing Countries

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ESSAY ON THE component OF AGRICULTURE IN COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PRESENTED BY MWAURA PHILIP W DATE 25TH MARCH 2013 INTRODUCTION Climate depart is now recognised as one of the approximately serious ch anyenges cladding the ground its people, the environment and its economies. There is now clear scientific proof that the spicy con pennyimeimeration of nursery gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere is causing orbiculate warming. While the world has experienced climatic diversenesss before, the issue we now brass involves human influence.It is a ch wholeenge that must and whoremaster be dealt with because its impacts depart fill very dire consequences on us and the generations to come. Greenhouse emmissions sequels from heterogeneous roots in our societies. We have emmissions from industries and other human activities such(prenominal) as awkward practises. It is believed that well-nigh globular warming we corporation no w observe is traceable to emissions of GHGs that result from human activities, in particular primer coat use turns such as deforestation, and the burning of dodo fuels (coal, oil and gas).All these activities argon human influenced and and then something rents to be done at the local, regional and ball-shapeds levels. This essay highlights the graphic symbol of culture in tackling clime intensify and some of the moderateness and registration measures. CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE The Inter-governmental bloodshed on Climate Change(IPCC) assign mode change as the term generally used to see human influences on the temper. The most signifi earth-closett threat is the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which chip in to the greenhouse outcome.The greenhouse effect is a vivid mechanism essential to life on Earth, but human performance has altered the balance in the mechanism. Radiant energy emitted by the sun comes through the Earths atmosphere and warms its sur heart. This foment then radiates backrest into the atmosphere, but some of the suns heat is absorbed in the atmosphere by gases. With increase concentration of GHGs, this effect is amplified, thus change order the Earths temperature. There is now little doubt that humour change is happening. Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th one C is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenetic greenhouse gas concentrations. The observed widespread warming of the atmosphere and ocean, in concert with ice mass loss, instigate the conclusion that it is very likely that it is not due to known natural causes alone. These atomic number 18 some of the conclusions of the in vogue(p) report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007). Countries and individuals acknowledge the close of the climate change problem and have agreed that it exists and needinesss to be addressed.Agriculture can be defined as the spatial distribution of of forms and animals for commercial message and subsistence purposes all over the earths surfaces. The Food and Agriculture constitution (FAO, 2008) reports that horticulture and land-use change, such as deforestation, account for round 13 and 17 per cent, respectively of total GHG emissions from human activities. Changes in land use such as deforestation and grunge degradation be two devastate effects of unsustainable farming practices that emit large amounts of hundred into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.Agriculture is a major contributor to emmissions of methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O) and Carbon( iv)oxide (C02). On a global scale, unsophisticated land use in the 1990s has been responsible for most 15% of all the GHGs emmissions. One third of all ascorbic acid(iv)oxide comes from land-use changes such as shifting cultivation and intensification of agribusiness whereas virtually two thirds of methane and most nitrous oxide emmision s originate from agriculture ( FAO, 2008). In amplification to the direct agriculture emissions mentioned above, the labor of agrochemicals is another historic source of greenhouse gas emissions.Especially the life bout of fertiliser contributes importantly to the overall impact of industrialized agriculture. The greatest source of GHG emissions from fertiliser exertion is the energy required, which emits carbon dioxide during its manu facture. Animal farming has a wide range of different impacts, ranging from the direct emissions of livestock, manure counsel, use of agrochemicals and land use change to fogey fuel use. Climate change presents a dual challenge which involves how to reduce GHG emissions through itigation, season lessening the untoward impacts by registration. These challenges are evident in the hoidenish vault of heaven where a ever-changing climate get out have serious impacts on agriculture and fodder ware. A rise in temperature pull up stakes resul t into the succeeding(a) impacts( FAO 2008) * affect fodder allow for dramatically by shifting crop partment zones * change the habitats of pests * increase risks of plant disease, insects and weeds * shrink the subject field of cropland due to floods and * raise sea levels. Potential direct effects on uncouth systems Seasonal changes in rainfall and temperature could impact agro-climatic conditions, altering growing seasons, planting and harvesting calendars, pee availability, pest, weed and disease populations, etc. * Evapotranspiration, photosynthesis and biomass outturn is altered. * Land suitability is altered. * Increased Carbon(iv) oxide levels lead to a arrogant outgrowth responsefor a number of staples under controlled conditions, likewiseknown as the carbon fertilization effect. MITIGATION Agriculture offers options to reduce CHGs significantly.One of them is to reduce emmissions and in that respectby minimise the production of anthropogenic gases such as meth ane and carbon(iv)oxide whereas at the same time increasing sustenance production to achieve food security especially in ontogeny countries. moderateness is a response strategy to global climate change, and can be defined as measures that reduce the amount of emissions (abatement) or enhance the absorption capacity of greenhouse gases ( sequestration). The total global powerfulness for moderateness depends on many factors, including emissions levels, availability of technology, enforcement, and incentives.In many situations, the efficiency of agriculture can be improved at a secondary cost. However, when low cost incentives are unavailable, polity development is important. Mitigating GHG emissions from the agricultural area will be an important element of climate change and agriculture policy at the national and outside(a) levels, and especially so in maturation countries where 75 per cent of poor people live in clownish areas, most of whom depend on agriculture for the ir livelihoods directly or indirectly ( man Bank, 2008).The Bali Action Plan (BAP), agreed to at COP 13 in December, 2007, identified four pillars to address in reaching a bare-ass agreement relief, accommodation, technology development and transfer, and financing and investment. The BAP calls for relief actions by all unquestionable countries, including quantified GHG emission lessenings objectives, as well as mitigation actions in create countries, that are supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity construct in a measurable, reportable and verifiable expressive style (UNFCCC, 2007, p. 1).Agriculture could be an important component of a wise climate change agreement, addressing two priorities of the BAP * temperance Agriculture must make up a role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon in lands, reducing its GHG emissions (for example, acid and livestock) and providing fossil fuel offsets from biomass and * version Agriculture must adapt to new climatic conditions (increase temperatures, drought, increased climatic variations, among others) to image a sufficient food supply for the world and contribute to the maintenance of cracker-barrel livelihoods and viable rural economies.Emission reductions in the agricultural domain can to a fault be a meaningful way for many exploitation countries to contribute to the goal of the convention and participate in a future regime. The IPCC report estimates that 70 per cent of the mitigation strength in agriculture is in growth countries (Smith et al. , 2007). sustainable agricultural practices that mitigate carbon can have important co- wellbeings, including increased soil fertility and productivity, enhanced resistance to drought and extreme weather, and reveal capacity to adapt to climate change.Sustainable agriculture can contribute significantly to increased food production, as well as make a significant impact on rural peoples eudaimonia and livelihoods. Despite the s ignificant probable and important sustainable development benefits, tokenish progress has been made to capitalize on opportunities in this sector, mainly because of complexities, sensed or otherwise, around accounting, monitoring, verification, non-permanence and other issues.Mitigation measures in the agricultural sector could contribute to substantial GHG emission reductions up to 2030 with potential ranges from 5 to 20 per cent of total Carbon(iv) oxide emissions by 2030. The global technical mitigation potential of agriculture, excluding fossil fuel offsets from biomass, is estimated to be between 5. 5 and 6 Gigatonnes Carbon(iv) oxide emmissions per year by 2030 (Smith et al. , 2007). However, actually meeting this potential is a complex issue with both(prenominal) technical and economic challenges.An estimated, 89 per cent of the total potential can be achieved by soil carbon sequestration through crop-land management, browse land management, restoration of organic soils and lush lands, bio-energy and water management (Smith et al. , 2007). authentic countries are discussing if agricultural soil carbon sequestration should be complicate in overall accounting of emissions and removals, and how to leave alone incentives in the area of agriculture for developing countries (UNFCCC, 2009).Intensity targets in the agricultural sector are in addition an issue, recognizing the fact that food production will need to increase to keep gradation with rising populations and improvements in standards of living. Mitigation of Methane can provide an additional 9 per cent through improvements in rice management, and livestock and manure management. The remain 2 per cent can be achieved from mitigation of Nitrous(ii)oxide emissions from soils mainly through crop management (Smith et al. , 2007).The wide diversity of agricultural practices around the world means there is a corresponding large array of workable mitigation opportunities. Agricultural Emissions M itigation in Developing Countries Developing countries shimmer a central role in agricultural GHG emissions mitigation. Without sufficient mitigation of GHG emissions in coming decades, including those from agriculture, there will likely be stark negative impacts on natural and human systems, including global food supply and food security, and developing countries are most at risk.The technical potential for GHG mitigation in developing countries agriculture by 2030 indicates significantopportunities for emissions reductions, together with anenhanced income earning potential for farmers, and associatedbenefits from lower natural resource degradation(Smith et al. , 2007). The agricultural sector is more defenceless to climate change in developing countries than developed nations, which is a objective concern because agriculture in developing countries is a major food provider.Agricultural practices must adapt to changing climatic conditions to ensure sufficient global food supply , while implementing management practices that have the greatest GHG emission reduction potential. Approximately 30 per cent of GHG emissions reduction potential from agriculture can be achieved in developed countries and 70 per cent in developing countries (Smith et al. , 2007).The mitigation potential of developing countries is about 75 to 80 per cent of the global potential for soil carbon under bio-energy and the restoration of degraded lands roughly 90 per cent for grazing land management and 98 per cent for rice management, water management, set-aside management and agro-forestry. Approximately 89 per cent of the technical mitigation potential in the agricultural sector can be achieved through soil carbon sequestration and about two-thirds of this potential is in developing countries (Smith et al. , 2007).The largest mitigation potentials in agriculture are the restoration of cultivated organic soils and degraded lands, and rice management developing countries have the largest mitigation potentials. Mitigation is generally most cost effective in developing nations. The Food Agriculture physical composition report (2008) estimates that mitigation measures in developing countries through agriculture and forestry projects might cost about one-fourth to one-third of total mitigation in all sectors and regions, while generating one-half to two-thirds of all estimated GHG emission reductions.With growing agricultural GHG emissions and the largest and most cost-effective mitigation opportunities in the agricultural sector, developing countries are likely to meet a prominent role in efforts to reduce agricultural GHG emissions. However, these countries also have the greatest barriers to overcome. At the national level, agriculture whitethorn be eclipsed by other priorities in many developing countries, such as poverty alleviation. A lack of capacity and political will to countenance mitigation are also contributing factors, where efforts in the agricultural s ector are mainly think on securing food for a growing population.Agricultural policy is viewed by many countries as a sovereign proper(ip) that is linked to food security, meaning that they are reluctant to open up this sector to any perceived control by an international body. Barriers are often country or region-related and understanding the situation in different countries is crucial to realizing the mitigation potential in the agricultural sector. Responses to climate change in these countries should involve measures that aim to reduce poverty and ensure food security (FAO, 2008). Developing countries will require technology ransfer,investment and financial support to implement relevant mitigation strategies in the agricultural sector. And these programs will need to be developed with full consideration of economic and sustainable development. such programs will need to admit methods for verifying and validating GHG emission reductions from agricultural activities and for com paring the effectiveness of various mitigation options, as well as the associated environmental, economic and social benefits and impacts for the overall production cycle.The economic potential for mitigation in agriculture depends on the price of carbon and on policy, institutional,and exertion cost constraints. To date little progress hasbeen made in the slaying of mitigation measures at the global level. The potential for GHG mitigationwould be enhanced by an appropriate internationalclimate policy framework providing policy and economicincentives. The emerging market for carbon emissions trading offersnew possibilities for agriculture to benefit from land usethat sequesters carbon or saves non Carbon(iv)oxide emissions.The betting breeding Mechanism (CDM) under the KyotoProtocol of the United Nations Framework conventionon Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the most importantmechanism for payments to developing countries. Currently, the CDM limits eligible activities in agricultureto afforestation and reforestation, and reduction of non- Carbon(iv) oxide gases. Hence carbon sequestration activities, such asconservation tillage and restoration of degraded soils, arepresently considered ineligible.Financing options will need to include grant funding, but there is also a need to develop market mechanisms for sustainable development (MMSDs) that will allow farmers and rural communities to benefit from such initiatives and have an elaborate livelihood strategy. On-farm mitigation Improved management practices that reduce on-farm emissions include livestock and manure management, fertilizer management, and improved rice cultivation. Methods to reduce methane emissions from enteric fermentation include enhancing the efficiency of digestion with improved supply practices and dietary additives.The efficacy of these methods depends on the quality of feed, livestock breed and age, and also whether the livestock is grazing or stall-fed. Developing countries are assumed to provide lower quality feed to livestock, which raises the emissions rate per animal to over that for developed country herds(Smith et al. , 2007). In manure management, cooling and using solid foils for computer storage tanks and lagoons, separating solids from slurry,and capturing the methane emitted are relevant techniques.Concerning developing countries, applying thissort of manure management may be difficult as animalexcretion happens in the field. Composting manure andaltering feeding practices may serve reduce emissions to acertain extent. Improving the efficiency of fertilizer application or electrical switch to organic production can decrease the amount of nutrientload and Nitrous(ii)Oxide emissions. However, overall benefitswould need to be weighed against the potential impact onyield(Smith et al. , 2007). Sustainable Agriculture and Sustainable DevelopmentIn addition to reducing GHG emissions, agricultural mitigation measures have other social, economic and environmen tal benefits, peculiarly in regard to sustainable development, food security and devising progress towards meeting the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals. The list of co-benefits linked to soil carbon sequestration include reduced soil erosion, improved soil fertility and structure, improved water quality, reduced levels of phosphorous and nitrogen pollution, buffering against drought and improved agricultural performance.Another mitigation strategy is considered to be the displacement of fossil fuels through the production of cleaner-burning bioenergy, such as ethanol, biogas, and methane, which can all be derived from agricultural production. Securing food for a growing population is a major global concern for developing countries and is a primary objective of agricultural policies. As such, mitigating climate change must not result in reduced food production (FAO, 2008). There are limits to GHG emissions reductions in the agricultural sector because of its grandeur in providing food for a growing global population.Improvements in efficiency may be a more conjectural approach than absolute reductions in developing countries GHG emissions from agriculture. Linking Mitigation and Adaptation Efforts officially defined, adaptation to climate change is an adjustmentmade to a human, ecological or physiological systemin response to a perceived vulnerability (Smith et al. , 2007). Agriculture is a sector that can be used to link mitigation and adaptation policies and actions. some(prenominal) mutually reinforcing synergies exist between specific mitigation and adaptation solutions that can lead to more efficient allocation of climate response resources (FAO, 2008).Synergies may occur in cases where mitigation-driven actions in agriculture have positive adaptation consequences for example, carbon sequestration projects with positive drought preparedness aspects or when adaptation-driven actions have positive consequences for mitigation for example, residue return to fields to improve water holding capacity will also sequester carbon (Smith et al. , 2007). A large proportion of the mitigation potential of agriculture arises from soil carbon sequestration, which has strong synergies with sustainable agriculture.Linking adaptation and mitigation measures have both positive andnegative aspects, depending on national circumstances and agricultural systems. In addition, many farmers may be ill-equipped to adapt or may notunderstand the risks that climate change imposes. As a result,information sharing, such as that involving climateforecasting, will likely play an integral part in managingclimate change risk. A future climate regime should encourage countries to recognize and enhance positive impacts. Such measures include the following * Changes in tillage practices or adjusted livestock breeds are short-term measures. Longer-term measures, such as improved water management or the structure of irrigation systems, can process in adapting to a changing climate. * sustenance policies that promote adaptation measures can help towards more effective implementation. * Modes of international assistance range from allocating information, advice, and training on adaptation measures, to developing institutional capacities and policies. * Adaptation is not a stand-alone activity, and its integration into development projects, plans, policies, and strategies will be crucial. * Synergies between mitigation and adaptation should be maximized.Adaptation options and their supporting policies should be adopted by the appropriate level of government and implemented by institutions in direct contact with beneficiaries. For example, adaptation responses such as changing planting dates and tillage practices may require technicalservices provided by local accompaniment agents, which are coordinatedby regional universities and research institutions. Agricultural research, including crop breeding to developdrought and heat tol erant crop varieties, will require bothpublic and private investment. Structural adaptation measures,such as creating water arkets and price incentives,will need to be implemented on a national level, most likelyin partnership with economic cooperation unions. National governments, NGOs and the international community all have a role to play in creatingthe means and cooperation required for adaptation. Conclusion In general, agriculture impacts climate change significantly through livestock productionand the conversion of forest to land cover that haslow carbon sink or sequestration potential. Nitrous oxideemissions from crop production and methane from riceproduction are also significant.Mitigation options thatare the most technically and economically feasible includebetter rice, crop- and pastureland management. Although there are viable mitigation technologies in the agricultural sector, particularly in developing countries,some key constraints need to be overcome. First, rules of access which mum do not credit developing countries forreducing emissions by avoiding deforestation or improving soil carbon sequestration must be changed. Second,operational rules, with their high transaction costs for developingcountries and small farmers and foresters in particular,must be streamlined.Climate change is also likely to have a significant negative impact on agricultural production, prompting outputreductions that will greatly affect parts of the developing world. Adaptation, including crop choice and timing, hasthe ability to partially compensate for production declinesin all regions. In addition, to date, only a limited number of studies have focused on theclimate change and carbon fertilization effects related tocrops of importance to the rural poor, such as root crops and millet. As a result of changes in production, food security will beaffected by climate change.Even the most aggressive mitigation efforts that can reasonably be anticipated cannot be expecte d to make asignificant difference in the short-term. This means thatadaptation is an imperative. Yet, in the face of this imperative,many developing countries are lacking in sufficientadaptive capacity(FAO, 2008). As a result, there is a large role for nationalgovernments, NGOs, and international institutionsto play in building the unavoidable adaptive capacity and riskmanagement structures. Finally, climate change adaptation and mitigation have to proceed simultaneously.Since adaptation becomes costlierand less effective as the magnitude of climate changesincreases, mitigation of climate change remains essential. The greater the level of mitigation that can be achieved at affordable costs, the smaller the file placed on adaptation. Policies focused on mitigating GHG emissions, if carefully designed, can help generate a new developmentstrategy one that encourages the creation of new appraise inpro-poor investments by increasing the profitability of environmentallysustainable prac tices.To achieve this goal,it will be necessary to streamline the measurement andenforcement of offsets, financial flows, and carbon creditsfor investors. It will also be important to enhance globalfinancial facilities and to reform their governance, namelyto simplify rules and to increase the funding flows for mitigationin developing countries. we know what to do,and it is therefore the right time to act before it is excessively late. It is so unfortunate to see people dying from famine in the 21st century.Climate change may worsen this situation, therefore we should cooperate toghether to ensure thatthe global issue of climate change is handled in a manner that it deserves. Agriculture is just one of those options especially by the developing countries. REFERENCES 1) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (2008) Available online at http//cdm. unfccc. int/index. html DATE accessed 20th November 2012. 2) IPCC (2007) Summary for policy makers. Climate Change 2007 Synthesis Report. Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change. Available online at http//www. pcc. ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm. pdf . Date accessed 19th November 2012. 3) FAO, 2008. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Challenges and Opportunities for Food Security. Paper presented at the High Level company on World Food Security 4) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2008). Financial mechanism for adaptation to and mitigation of climate change in the food and agriculture sectors. Paper presented at the High Level gathering on World Food Security 5) Smith, P. , Martino, D. , Cai, Z. , Gwary, D. , Janzen, H. , Kumar, P. , McCarl, B. Ogle, S. , OMara, F. , Rice, C. , Scholes, B. , & Sirotenko, O. (2007). Agriculture. In B. Metz, O. R. Davidson, P. R. Bosch, R. Dave & L. A. Meyer (Eds. ), Climate Change 2007 Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group three to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambri dge, UK Cambridge University Press. 6) Smith, P. , D. Martino, Z. Cai, D. Gwary, H. Janzen, P. Kumar, B. McCarl, S. Ogle, F. OMara, C. Rice, B. Scholes, O. Sirotenko, M. Howden, T. McAllister, G. Pan, V. Romanenkov, U. Schneider, S. Towprayoon, M. Wattenbach and J.Smith, 2008. Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture. pp. 789-813. 7) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2009). Copenhagen Accord. Conference of the Parties. Accessed at http//unfccc. int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/l07. pdf. 8) UNFCCC, 2008. Challenges and Opportunities for Mitigation in the Agricultural Sector. Technical Paper. FCCC/TP/2008/8. http//www. unfccc. int/resource/docs/2008/tp/08. pdf. Date accessed 20th November 2012. 9) World Bank. (2008). World Development Report 2008 Agriculture for Development. Washington, D. C. World Bank.

Analysis ofthe play “Spring Awakening” by Frank Wedekind Essay

Frank Wedekinds draw Spring Awakening represents an adults reflection on childhood, the repercussions of ignorance, and the consequence of inhibiting the spread of knowledge to those without it. Although very brief and lacking in extreme detail, this work has a profound aura it leaves the reader with thoughts of how things could defecate resolved themselves better had key characters acted other than. It also gives a sense of the sanctity of youth and the dangers of growing up too fast. When we ar forced to nobble on our admit, without the guidance of those who we desperately need it from, do we end up in irreversible positions that we never could stomach fathomed in the first purport? This play gives definitive answers to entirely the questions surrounding the coming of age, the Spring Awakening.facial expression at childhood (namely adolescence), from both an outside perspective and inside, reveals just how differently children and adults view the world. The children in this play see the world as unspoiled of discoveries that need to be made in nightclub to grow up. In addition, they dont necessarily want to find out all these things on their own. The guidance of the adult body-builds, e.g. teachers and parents, is sorely missed by the children in the narration. When trying to learn where children come from, the character Wendla naturally turns to her aim. Rather than hitherto attempt to answer her daughters question, Frau Berg gay immediately succumbs to the awkwardness of the emplacement and delivers a short, circumventing monologue. It is an attempt to deter her daughter, not to enlighten her. It is apparent to the children that they cannot shade to their parents for help, and so they must learn on their own.The teachers in the story are no better. Upon the suicide of unity of the schoolboys, it is found that a certain one of his friends has supplied him with a complete manual of the tender reproductive system. The reaction on the part of the schoolmasters and teachers is to expel the student immediately. A meeting between the student, Melchior, and the teachers reveals that the teachers have no interest in hearing what he has to say. The subject of human shake upuality is simply too explicit to be discussed by non-adults, regardless of its level of accuracy on the part of the child. The final result is that flat though he has done nothing wrong, indeed, he has figured sex out for himself, Melchior is sent to a reformatory.It seems that the children are trapped in a cycle of ignorance and punishment. They are given no help by the ones they trust, and when they figure everything out on their own, they are chastised for being essentially out of line. Their lone(prenominal) way to enlightenment lies in self-discovery and consequent punishment. However, the punishment some of them catch is simply too great for anyone of such an age.The harshest reality of the entire story lies in Wendla. After her mothers failur e to share any knowledge with her, she is raped by Melchior. However, she was told that she needed to love a man to a greater extent deeply than she was capable of in order to have a child. She has no idea that she is with child, and once again her mother fails to help her. Her mother lies to her once more, this time insisting that she has anemia. Finally, though, when it no longer matters, her mother tells her that she is pregnant. briefly after, Wendla is killed by a failed abortion. Her life was the price she had to pay in order to find the answer to the one question she wanted to know more than anything.By keeping her daughter in the dark, Frau Bergman has destroyed what should be approximately important to her. In addition, she has stolen the chance for Wendla to ever grow up. The process of growing, the eucharist of the naivete that only children posses, has completely ended for Wendla. That is something that can never be replaced, and it is also something for which one can never be forgiven.Knowledge is meant to be spread. Nobody is meant to be left ignorant of the world around them. This play shows that ignorance is the most powerful tool we have to aid in our own demise.

Impact of divorce and remarriage on intergenerational relationships Essay

Any melodyful event perpetu tout ensembley constitutes disconfirming effect on an individual that controld crisis like disseverment the experience was traumatic especially with kidren. Memories of a painful divorce canister swirl ambivalence in the child which rankles into wound up problems in braggyhood. Children of divorced p bents much feel cheated of the happy inherent homes in which they imagine how other children with int doing pargonnts grow up. And this variety of feelings can be prolonged. divide is much more complex than it appears on the surface, ending a spousal descent intercourseship does non end in four corners of the court room.It is a serial publication of events and ostracise behavior on the part of their children and overly on the couples. The emotional stress that intromits a period of time heal, the affection of love was alter with anger, frustration, ail resentment and hatred. come apartd p arents and children permit from their own and others, perception that their family assemblage is unnatural and inferior. Divorce and remarriage reshapes relations in the childs immediate family. besides the data from different studies revealed that marital disruption restructures the boundaries of the extended family as well.Divorce, particularly when it attenuates the link betwixt the away parent and child, reduces the childs entrance m one and only(a)y to one line of the family. Or from the perspective of grandparents, it can weaken intergenerational bonds amid the families of the non- protective parent of the child. This finding must be qualified in authentic respects. In a substantial minority of cases, the grandparents continue to see the child on a fairly regular basis. If the non-custodial parent maintains regular hitting with the child, then the link to the grandparents is often preserved.Even when cont cultivate s overlookens between the outside parents and child, the grandparents typically continue to see th e child if they live blotto by and maintain reasonably amic adequate relations with the custodial parents are move to preserving these intergenerational ties near even continue to see the child if they live close be and maintain reasonably amicable relations with the custodial parent. intimately custodial parents are committed to preserving these intergenerational ties some even continue to want their former in-laws as their relatives beca drug vilification they are the childs kin.Despite these commitments, relation between the non-custodial grandparents and their grandchildren are rarely as active as they office encounter been had the divorce non occurred. Their children who psycheally witness all this trying events impart definitely developed problem even how supple they whitethorn be. Usually the end result of these experiences has resulted to another social problem such(prenominal) as juvenile delinquencies, in the research nigh this young offenders is harvest-fe stival of broken family. For they curb experience venerates of betrayal, abandonment, loss and rejection.They alike developed little(prenominal) capability to developed and maintain supportive relationship since they move over fear of experiencing divorce in their future families. So what can we do if this exit is inevitable, if your kids are old enough to clear your situation talk to them and inform everything, resolve divorce-related anxiety and confusion. Let them express their feeling on this matters, al ways be on that point for them. Let them contend they are loved and they will never be neglected even their parents are now separated.though divorce and re-marriage are socially give birthable and commonplace in American society, just remarriage is an incomplete institution. The rights and obligations of parents and stepchildren in reconstituted families are open to negotiation and interpretation. The alike(p) holds for relationships between step-grandparents and th eir step-children. There are no social norms of heritage for step-grandchildren or for grandchildren who become been estranged through divorce and custody battles. M some(prenominal) verify the older Americans must now confront stepgrandparenting issues without clear cut norms or authority-models.The result is that their estate planning is often tentative and confused not a situation which lends it egotism to easy communication with heirs of beneficiaries. During the separation and divorce fulfill and continuing for at least a year after divorce, wholeness mothers are often preoccupied with their own depression, anger or emotional needs and are unable to respond sensitively to their children. We hypothesize that such dysfunctions in maternal adjustment result in a displace perimeter of the childs behavior, which directly impacts maternal perceptions are a product of both the childs behavior and the parents tolerance level.It appears plausible that depression influences indivi dual differences between parents in their tolerance for a range of child behaviors. Clinical symptoms that covary with depression, such as distractibility and insomnia, whitethorn increase the probability that single mother will selectively regard to relatively low frequency inappropriate behavior, creating impressions of the childrens adjustment that are not warranted by objective counts of behavior.Alternately, parental depression and distress may increase attention to relatively luxuriously frequency non-complaint behaviors that were not interpreted as bothersome prior to the onset of soulal distress. On a behavior level, changes in perceptions may result in the disproportionate use of ineffective child-management strategies and authoritarian control at a time when parents examine to limit interactions with their children. By contrast, divorce frequently intensifies the childs bonds with the custodial parents family. Often, the parent turns to relatives for help at the time of divorce.Divorce is a smidgen of an emotional roller coater ride, it consist of variation of mix emotions. One minute you are relieved that your traumatic quarrel has ultimately ended and the next minute youre feeling panic-stricken nearly how you are going to survive financially. Yes as mention above it is something minus for it has a great impact to both parents and their children. The above mentioned effects is their children ways of fighting against the sadness of the loss, against the anxiety of helplessness, as warding off threatening aspects of the self and as defiance against the abandonment.Divorce is excessively a change in the development of a family. In frankness there are relationships that suffer in domestic violence, for in or so of these cases, the children would almost certainly have greatly affected so if they file for divorce their children will also have benefited from the parents staying together, These are the cases for which it makes sense to talk ro ughly negative consequences of divorce. For persons whose parents had high conflict marriages, it makes sense to talk about negative consequences of failed parental marriages, still the divorces themselves may typically lessen those consequences.This type is called good divorce, the summateable divorce that avoids pitfalls such as involving children in parental disagreement. It has been reflected to avoid or greatly lessen the unhelpful consequences on children, supporting the notion that divorce itself is less imperative than the way parents handle it. though, this is not relatively proper in terms of the effects on children for it still have impact on their personalities, it is a divulge option than continuously suffer on this kind of situation.Managing a relationship is one of the hardest tasks we encounter in our lives each person has its own characteristics, identity and views in life. Combining two unique personalities sometimes may result to clash especially when the issu es involve touches ones order or principles. So when people involve feels abuse or being hurt the argument is whether you should incline to divorce or delay to the determine on keeping one family and resolving its differences. Accepting ones view or personality is the key sign on how you should think and behave, in the process of psychotherapy being you need to take every thing slowly.For many people who ask for opinion in such matter doesnt want to take what is most adapted for the situation they only want to hear what they prefer to hear. Or sometimes they already knew what to do however they just want permission for them to fall out their plans. Maturity is one of the bases of a successful marriage, as an adult you should love better what will benefit y our family, wherefore continue acts that you know bothers your partner, both of you must have communication for you to settle issues that matters in your relationship.With that conversation, you should be able to explain w hy you have been doing such act, you should be able to scrutinize the root of this behavior, both of you must recognize if such act can be change for the better or just accept it as it was for you both think that it has no solution. If in case that you agree that it has to be eliminated, partners must support each other in winning this task. While if there are no choice would you go for changing of one partner to the care of your spouse no matter what is your determination it really depends on you since you are the only one involve her.I believe no trouble in this world that cant be resolved in a diplomatic communication. The impact of divorce varies across the dimensions of the relationship and generally differs for sons and girls. However parents own earlier lack of custody for their now adult children matters importantly Compared to parents with continuous childhood custody, non-custodial parents circulate less closeness to their adult children. This finding suggests that a pathway should be added to the model, a direct connection between parental divorce and ensuant intergenerational ties.The norms governing re get hitched with parents and what they owe to children from their previous marriages are even more ambiguous. The most revealing data on how little reciprocity there is between remarried parents and their children from prior marriages. The sides of divorced parents and those of step grandparents are ambivalent at best. This is why divorce and remarriage may well be creating vast numbers of heirs and spares. When in comes to changing ones self, I personally think that there is nothing wrong with it as long it substance abuse hurt your partner, if this is for the betterment of your partner then why not.It doest mean that when you do the same interest of your partner you will follow him on what hes been doing for font in the case of this study when the wife complain of his husband attitude on reading while having dinner and the adviser told h er to do the same. This is realistic but such act needs proper places like I have said communicate then tell your husband to act adequately so that you two wont have any trouble. The focal relationship is between offspring divorce and subsequent intergenerational family ties.From this perspective, having been a non-custodial parent during the childhood of ones now adult children occupies the role of antecedent variable. Parental divorce to adult childrens divorce, they do not explicitly report effects of parental divorce on intergenerational family ties, the presumptive presence of this connection is revealed by bringing together results from these two studies. Divorce affects contact with parents among daughters but not among sons.Specifically, divorced daughter with custody of children audit and talk to parents on the telephone more often than married daughter remarried daughters talk to parents on the telephone slightly less often than married daughters. Divorce and remarriage are weakening the intergenerational cement in many families, but other social and demographic changes have the opposite effect as they strengthen intergenerational linkages and make families more cohesive. Perhaps the single most important change is the increased life expectancy of the U. S. population.The impact has been especially marked in middle-income and upper-income families, the very families which were most likely to be evasive about inheritance. There will be more communication about inheritance in such families because the graying of America has produced new reciprocities and obligations between aging parents and their adult children. Marriage, divorce and remarriage are part of reorganization process that entails a series of major changes in the family. The cleavages created in the nuclear family during this dynamic period have ramifications that affect the kinship system and ultimately the status of the older generation.It is also likely that divorced individual recei ve fewer supports from family and friends than do the widowed. Intergenerational patterns are disturbed, they are likely than married their counterpart to be available to their children and grandchildren, some of whom are also likely to be divorced. It is not possible to define the impact of such intergenerational effects on the prospects for divorce rates. The dissolution of marriage is unlikely to be the realization of some lifetime plan, but quite a consequence of disappointed expectations. The high rates of dissolution in the first few years of marriage support this view.In a relationship ones sovereignty in the family is respected by both partners, it was never like before that man is the only have the autonomy, yes we do have changes now but still some values are still intact and must be observed. But also we must be aware that these changes are one of the reasons why we have numerous divorces in the country, if only the people will accept and understand each other these thi ngs wont happen. Sometimes also we can find oneself by other person, we discover some of our capabilities in dealing with other person.There is a cliche in a relationship that one person is complete when they find they partner in life, so it only means that in some ways husband and wives are connected with each other. But it is different when the marriage is arrange and if things wont go well, couple in this situation often resolve to divorce, so to prevent this from happening even if the marriage is fix, the couple must be given an due time to know each other better and let them fall in love the natural way, with this solution factors such adultery, abuse and other marital problem can be prevented. other factor, which is idyllic to our culture, is mutuality. We dont accept notion that compromise to the abuse of women, equality is vital so that selfish partners can be eradicate. Though some wives are defenseless and they require rescue from other person this is under special case t hat another issue will tackle, but it will surely end up forcing self-assertion to filing a divorce. However even we acknowledge the disgust in divorce, in reality we have a thousand of cases allover the nation, and because of this it represent our values with regards with our ripe marriages.Thorough studies of one self-entrusting our principles with all the ambiguity and we are able to define up with the system. Being in love or have been or might think you will be in time is what matters most for love is continuous passion and understanding, sweeping off your feet. Value the investiture of emotion, the time you spent together and those creative efforts you both have erect into your relationship. Intimacy must always be intact along with your values that would help in developing your relationship for the better and controlling all the problems that you may encounter.Remember that God bonds your relationship so you must value it. Reference Mclanahan, S. Bumpass, L. (1988). Inter generational Consequences of Family Disruption.. The American ledger of Sociology. Vol. 94, No. 1 pp. 130-152 Amato, P. R. (1996). Explaining the Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 58, No. 3. pp. 628-640 Furstenberg, F. F. Jr. , Hoffman, S. D. and Shrestha, L. (1995). Demography, Vol. 32 No. 3. Family and Household Demography.pp. 319-333 Booth, A. Brinkerhoff, D. B. and White, L. K. (1984). The clashing of Parental Divorce of Courtship. Journal of Marriage and the Family. Vol. , 46 No. 1 pp. 85-94 Lamanna, M. A. and Reidmann, A. (2005). Marriages & Families Making Choices in a Diverse Society. Belmont, CA. Thomson Wadsworth. p. 510 Adams, B. N. and Trost, J. (2005). Handbook of world Families. Sage Publications inc. p. 190 Segrin, C. and Flora, J. (2005). Family Communication. New York, NY. Routledge. p. 181.

Explain The Features Of Romanticism In

Explain the features of love affair in architecture. In what ways did this differ from the Classical in footing of both ardor and philosophy? love story also called The Picturesque Style. love story began in the asses and lasted through the asses, love affair is largely a movement that grew pop out of the lingering effects of the revolt against aristocratic rule that began with the French transformation (Palmer, 10 Junk 2011). This essays result analyses both love story and classicalism differences, it will also analyses the personal manner of Romanticism and begin to explain what is delineate by this movement.From this essays, the features of Romanticism will be uncovered. Romanticism was suasion to represents closely-knit perception and expressed spiritual and sacred beliefs. Romanticism in art is traditionally understood in terms of its culture context, its philosophical ideas, and it types of sources, while a characterization of its musical mode remains elusiv e (Palmer, 10 Junk 2011). The finis of Romanticism architecture in a not so forward-looking manner, they believe spirit and God had become genius, and wisdom, history, and mythical intrigue influenced how peck viewed life and inconformity.Romanticism is often associated with allegory. It is as though the pavement has hidden meanings expressing truelove and strangeness. In general, romantic style often using asymmetrical agreement and avoid using the geometrical arrangement. The style was very fanciful and real exaggerated with a wide selection of beautiful objects which include incommoding, paintings and different materials. Despite the fascination of Romantic with nature and the universe and their interest in changing society with their newfound individualism, they liked to remember the beauty of the medieval style.This nostalgic view of the past grew as their hope for better everything and cloak-and-dagger influences later portrayed in art and literature rated a visua l awakening for many. The Romantic architecture setting which aimed to stress the importance of nature with magisterial castles and extremely decorative towers based upon medieval cathedrals. This architectural style consisted of grandiose and fewtimes overwhelming details. Its asymmetrical structure and vertical framings added highschoolschool and majestic facades to buildings of all sizes. Gargoyles, circulations, spires, and window frames were added to small churches and public facilities.Buildings during this time represented eccentric natural expression beauty, the bigger and more decorative the better. Romanticism in architecture became very popular, especially with aristocracy, this being the reason why many rich people begun to alter their homes. The just about famous is William Beckoned, an English Novelist who was born in weak part, Wiltshire (Backwardness. Com, 2014). He was a huge fan of love affair architecture style. He employed an architect called James Wyatt to design Fontanel Abbey Fontanel Abbey was a huge 520 acre estate on which a kind of eccentric gothic style castle or cathedral was end in 1807.Fontanel Abbey a country house with a tower 270 feet high (Million, 2011). Besides that, there is another famous Romantic Architecture trademark. It is Walpole strawberry mark Hill castle. Horace Walpole, Britains first Prime Minister, hired Johann Heimlich Mount build hemangioma simplex Hill to house his vast collection of treasures. In creating Strawberry Hill, Walpole animate a new fashion for gothic in both architecture and literature (Extraterritoriality. Org. UK, 2014). Horace Walpole mentioned It was built to please my own taste, and in some full stop to realism my own visions. Strawberry Hill took many of the decorative elements of outside(prenominal) medieval Gothic and moved them to the interior of the house (Ross, 2014). in that location is so many famous architect and designer on Romantic hitch much(prenominal) as John Nash. Nash were hired by Prince Regent, for ideas on growth the farmland called Marrowbone Park and surrounding areas. After that, Prince Regent asked Nash remodeling Brighton Pavilion into a palace. Nash begin with Indian design, and as work progressed, incorporating further Eastern design elements. The result has been called Indian Gothic with a flavor of Chinese (Hardwood, 1993).Sir Charles Barry, one of the architects of Gothic revivification in England. In 1836, Barry won the contest of excogitation a new Houses of Parliament building, also called Westminster Palace (Encyclopedia Britannic, 2013). John Risking rebelled against Greco-Roman architecture and the society of his time in general. Although not bold lavish to admit his true opinions true his literature, his studies on medieval architecture became some of the approximately influential in the overturn Gothic building. His most unforgett up to(p) influence was the Oxford Museum of Natural History (Lancaster. C. U K, 2014). In addition, A. W. N Puking, the architect, writer and theorist, had an huge influence upon architecture and design into the mantic end. His conversion to Catholicism and his protagonism for a correct form of Gothic architecture that reflected faith. His publications influenced small churches, cathedrals, and institutions. Furthermore, the Gothic Revival movement could be said to begin in Britain, France also go through an architectural awakening as many Romantics traveled to Paris to appear for inspiration.After Frances De Christianization, many looked back to the middle Ages as true Christian era. then began a period of preservation of their old buildings in the midst of their return period (Perez. Com, 2014). Prosper Merrier is French dramatist, historian and archaeologist. His pessimistic Romanticism and writings on mysticism, as head as his interest in the unfathomed do him responsible for the preservation of many Gothic buildings. He is well known as a Gothi c architectural inspector (and. Com, 2014). Classicism dates back to 1700 A. D.This particular style was very popular with the Romans and inspired by the Ancient Greeks. Classical buildings are often public opinion to symbolism architecture of great importance such as town halls, banks or chapels. The classicism architecture represents symmetry, geometry, simplicity, harmony and hemolytic solidity. This is much more different with Romanticism architecture. The detail of the stonework was developed greatly afterward Romans discovered bricks and concrete which enabled them to customize the aesthetics and properties of their towns and cities (lugubriousnesss. Org. UK, 2014).Classicism can usually be identified by the side by side(p) characteristics, the posts and lintels which stand proud across the entrance. The Roman arch is also regarded as a primary characteristics of classical architecture, due to efforts by the Roman arches were able to be wider panned and still with stand t he weight of the stone and maintaining a strong structure over which an enormous garret acted as roof (Sober, 2014) . There are many examples of classical architecture such as basilica, coliseum and triumph arches. A perfect example of Classicism Architecture would be The Pantheon.The Pantheon is known to be one of the greatest spiritual buildings in the period. The grand entrance is emphasized by the Corinthian capitals used to support the concrete lintel above. This magnificent building incorporates the three main characteristics of classicism the post, lintel, dome and the archways (dialogues. It, 014). Neo-classicism architecture developed greatly in the late 18th and nineteenth centuries in Europe and America, it emphasized a return to the Classical period to align the rules and principals of Classicism.Neoclassicism was born out of a rejection of the Rocco and late Baroque style in the middle of 18th century. Neo classicism suggested that man could be perfect nature through science. Neoclassicism has many symmetrical shape, tall columns that rise the full height of the building (Craven, 2014). Symmetrical Neoclassical buildings modeled after classical Greek temples were thought to symbolize principles of Justice and democracy. One of the most influential Founding Fathers, Thomas Jefferson, drew upon Palladian and Classical ideals when he drew architectural plans for the new nation, the United States (Craven, 2014).In both the Classicism and Romanticism style, it is fair to say that both forms and architecture are represent by such a grand scale and detailed stonework as well as being their recognized for their both decorative characteristics(Million, 2011). Moreover, Classicism thought of the world as having a rigid and stern structure, the Romanticism thought of the world as a place to express their ideas and believes. This had cause the style of architecture become so different. Classicism architecture was renowned for the levels of math and science used. Education was the main philosophical for the design reason.Romanticism was played with the unseen, hokey and emotional style of nature and the elements to convey what the architect experienced or felt like expressing Classicism architecture is often built on town halls, banks, temple or chapels but Romanticism architecture is built on churches, cathedrals, and castles (Million, 2011). Again Classicism architecture got three strong characteristics such as the posts and lintels, dome and he arches but Romanticism architecture most common characteristic is its lifting of architectural elements from almost any source.In conclusion, grand changes were made between Classicism and Romanticism architecture. Many changes occurred throughout the design movement in both style and philosophy. The classicism philosophies altered from mathematics, education and symbolical state and the romanticism style represents the expression, drama and emotion with spiritual and religious meaning. Des ign and style is widely evolved from simplistic symmetrical, geometry to asymmetrical creative and picturesque beauty. Bibliography Backwardness. Mom, (2014). The Beckoned implements of war I History of William Beckoned, owner of Fontanel Estate, Disturb Wiltshire.

Capsim Business Simulations

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